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Seed Borne Fungi and Bacteria of Cotton and Their Control

M. M. Hossain
OFRD, BARI Noakhali

A.K.M. H.Rahman
OFRD, BARI Noakhali

M. S. Islam
Deptt. of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. Z. Hossain
OFRD, BARI Noakhali

Asad-ud-daullah
Seed Pathology Center, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of fungi and bacteria associated with cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum) and their control with botanicals were studied during the month of July 2000 to February 2001. Five cottonseed samples of 4 cultivars were collected. A total of 9 fungal species belonging to 7 genera viz., Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum gossypii, Aspergillus niger, Aflavus, Rhizopus stolonifer and penicillium sp. were detected from seed samples. Bacteria associated with cotton seeds were identified through different color of colonies over seeds in the blotter paper method. Washing test and liquid assay performed for detection of bacteria indicated that bacteria were associated with seed surfaces. seed coat and cotyledons. Fifteen strains were obtained through different methods from seeds samples of four cultivars, among them all 15 strains were gram negative and KOH -test positive. Twelve strains produced yellow color colonies on NA and those were suspected to be Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum. Soft rotting test, temperature test, oxidase test, O/F test, hypersensitivity test and symptoms on leaves of seedling grown in the green house were conducted. Among the 15 strains 12 were identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum and 3 were unidentified Pseudomonas sp. Two plant extracts viz., garlic clove and neem leaf at 1: 1 and 1:2 dilutions were used and found to reduce seed borne infection of pathogens. Garlic clove extract gave better result compare to that of neem leaf extract.

Keywords: Seed borne fungi. Bacteria, Control, Seed

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-07-2000

End Date: 00-02-2001

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cotton, Diseases

Objectives:

To record the incidence and identify the seed borne fungi and bacteria associated with cotton seeds and to test the efficacy of garlic and neem leaf extract as seed treating agent.

Methodology:

To detect the seed borne fungal pathogens blotter method were used as recommended by ISTA with some modifications by ISTA. A number of 300 seeds were plated for each sample. The seeds were incubated for 8- 10 days under cycles of 10-12 hrs. The pathogens were detected on the basis of their growth character. Two hundred ml of sterile water and 100 seeds were taken from each sample for washing and liquid assay test. The first wash was processed to identify bacteria on the seed surface. Then the liquids of macerated seeds were used to isolate the seed borne bacteria on cotyledon surface and on seed coat internal surface only. Seedling symptom test was performed to observe the incidence of disease. Beside these gram staining and potassium hydroxide solubility test were done. Potato soft rotting test was performed with previously grown 45 hours old bacterial pure culture. The growing ability of the strain was tested at different selected temperature of such as 4°C, 30°C and 80°C. Kovac's oxidase and oxidative fermentative (O/F) test were done as biochemical test. One percent aqueous solution of N, N- tetra methyl P- phenyl diamine dihydro chloride and O/F medium were used in Kovac's oxidase and O/F test respectively. Hypersensitivity test was done with tobacco plant. Pathogenicity test was done using seedling leaf inoculation and detached leaf inoculation technique. Two botanicals viz., garlic and neem leaf extract were used at two different dilutions to control seed borne pathogens of cotton. Two hundred seeds of each sample were dipped in the solutions having these concentrations for 12 hours.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science. Vol. 13, No.1, pp: 109-112, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All fungi were reduced in considerable number of infection by 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions of garlic extract. In all the three samples Fusarium spp., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum gossypii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Pencillium sp. and bacterial infection was reduced compare to control (55%) at 1: 1 and 1:2 dilutions of garlic extract. When cotton samples were treated with neem leaf extract at 1: 1 and 1:2 dilutions, germination of seeds were similar to garlic extract. Garlic clove extract gave better result compare to that of neem leaf extract.

Knowledge Management: Journal