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Effect of Sowing Date on Leaf Area Index, Dry Matter Production and Growth of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.)

N K Paul
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

D K Sarker
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted during 1995 - 96 to study the growth of two wheat cultivars (BL 1183 and Kanchan) under 4 dates of sowing - 1 November, 19 November, 1 December and 15 December. The highest total dry matter was produced in 1 November and then gradually reduced in the subsequent sowings. LAI attained peak at 58 - 68 days after sowing and declined thereafter in both the cultivars in all the sowings. LAR declined with increase of time, but CGR increased to certain peak and then decreased gradually. NAR increased slowly at the early growth stages, but sharply at the later stages, except BL 1183 in which a decreasing tendency was noted towards the later stages of growth in 1 December sowing only. Simple correlation coefficients between growth attributes indicated that CGR was positively correlated with total dry matter, LAI and NAR and negatively with LAR. The grain yield in all the four sowings had no significant association with any of the growth attributes.

Keywords: Sowing date, Wheat, Dry matter, Leaf area index, Growth rate, Net assimilation rate

Location: Rajshahi University Campus

Start Date: 01-01-1995

End Date: 28-02-1996

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of sowing date on growth parameters with special reference to leaf area index and dry matter accumulation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Rajshahi University campus during the winter season of 1995 - 96. The soil of the experimental field was silty loam with a pH of 7.5, low in organic carbon (0.44%), total N (0.43%), available P (15 ppm) and K (82 ppm). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The sowing dates were in the main plots and cultivars in the sub plots. Two cultivars (BL 1183 and Kanchan) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were sown on 1 November (S₁), 19 November (S₂), 1 December (S₃) and 15 December, 1995 (S₄). Row to row spacing was 20 cm and that between plants within a row were approximately 10 cm. Normal cultural practices were followed throughout the growing season. For growth analysis, ten harvests per sowing date were taken at equal intervals of 10 days and the first harvest was taken at 18 days after sowing (DAS). Six plants were selected randomly per replication per cultivar and were harvested on each time. At each harvest, the plants were cut off at the base of the stem at the soil level and the plants were separated into leaf, stem and panicle (when present). All plant parts were dried separately in an oven at 85° C until a constant weight was attained. Leaf area was determined by the disc method. From leaf area and dry weight data, growth attributes were calculated by the curve fitting method. Mean air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hour from planting to the first harvest and between the harvest intervals were taken. Mean air temperature was higher in 84 (21.6° C) than 83 (20.2° C), 82 and 81 (19.7° C). At the early growing period, 81 had the highest air temperature and the lowest in 84 and at the later growing period the reverse result was obtained. Mean relative humidity values for 81, 82, 83 and 84 were 78.3, 76.6, 76.3 and 71.4%, respectively. The lowest sunshine hours were observed during 81 growing period and the highest in S₃ and S₄.

Source of Information: JOURNAL OF BIO-SCIENCE, THE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY, Vol. 13, 2005, pp. 37-43, ISSN 1023–8654.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total dry matter was significantly reduced with delay in sowing in both the cultivars. TDM increased slowly at the early vegetative stages and increased rapidly with the advancement of the growth period. Effects of sowing date on LAI showed that the pattern of its development was more or less similar in both the cultivars and sowings and the effects of both the cultivars and all the four sowings, starting from a lower value CGR reached a certain peak and then declined to negative values except Kanchan in S₁ and S₃, where CGR declined to a very low positive value at the later stages of growth and the effects of sowing date on NAR indicated that NAR increased slowly at the early stages, while sharply at the later stages. NAR values of BL 1183 declined at the later stages in S₃ only. LAR of two wheat cultivars in all the sowings declined steadily with increasing plant age. It has been suggested that decrease of growth attributes with plant age could be attributed to selt - shading of lower leaves by upper leaves. The highest LAR was found in BL 1183 for S₃ and Kanchan for S₂, and the lowest in S₁ in both the cultivars. Comparatively higher LAR was observed in Kanchan in all the four sowings. Increases of LAR with temperature have previously been reported by several workers. Others, however, did not observe significant effect of temperature on LAR. Simple correlation coefficients between growth attributes indicated that CGR was positively correlated with total dry matter, LAI and NAR and negatively with LAR. The grain yield in all the four sowings had no significant association with any of the growth attributes.

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