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Karyotype Analysis in Capsicum Cultivars

A. T. Barai
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh..

L. Hassan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh..

M. Wazuddin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh..

M. M. Rahman
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The root·tip cells of all the 18 cultivars of < 2n=2 X=24 chromosomes. The karyotype of these cultivars had three types of chromosomes as determined by the position of their centromere. The choromo· some types were median, near-median and sub-median. Nine cultivars had two pairs of satellited chromosomes in the somatic complement and the remaining cultivars had one pair, the trabant was always attached to the shorter arm of the chromosomes varied from 2.2 u to 6.6 u. The total length of haploid complement varied from 42.1 u to 61.2 u in different cultivars.

Keywords: Capsicum, Mitosis. Chromosome morphology

Location: At the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University,

Start Date: 00-04-1981

End Date: 00-04-1981

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Capsicum

Objectives:

To ascertain the chromosome morphology and a comparative study of the chromosome complement.

Methodology:

Ripened fruits of 18 local Capsicum cultivars were collected from different regions of Bangladesh. Seeds of theses collections were germinated . In petri dishes at room temperature. Seedlings of each collection were raised in earthen pots containing a loose mixture of s sand, sawdust and soil in equal proportions. This enables the root collection easier. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during the month of April 1981. The healthy roottips were pretreated in saturated aqueous solution of monobromonapht· halene for one hour and then fixed In acetic-alcohol ( 1;3) after thorough washing The fixed root tips were processed through squash method for the preparation of slides. Camera Iucida draw· ings were made from the well spread and well stained metaphase platea. The drawing magnification was kept1650 x in each case. One metaphauplate of mitotic chromosomes wll drawn from each cultivar,To describe the chromosome morphology the karyotype formula propo sed by Haque and Ahmad (1972) was followed. The haploid set of chromo somes were analyzed and classified on the basis of centromere and arm length ratio. Thus, the chromosomes having arm length ratio (long arrr gshort atm) of1.00 to 1.20 were placed into median (M)group, those having arm length ratio of 1.21 to 1.50 were praced into near median(NM) group and those wi th arm length ratio of 1.51 and above were pta cad into the sub·median (SM) group, The figures were then converted into idiograms with the chromosomes drawn vertically and side by side keeping the short arm towards the upper side.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 20 (1) : 53-60, January, 1993 ISSN 0379-4296

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that inspite of the homogeneity of chromosome number (22-24) each cultivar was characterized byits own peculiarities in chromosome morphology. Each of the cultivar studied had rather long chromosomes with medium and near medium primary constriction. The total length of chro mosomes among the cultivars rangde from 2.2 -' to 6.6 p.. A few chromosomes were shorter and the centromere were submedian or sub- C-13, Dhanmarlch, Black, Bogra and centromere were submedian or sub- C-13, Dhanmarlch, Black, Bogra and chrmosome was observed in cultivarsm C-13, Dhanmarlch, Black, Bogra and Ksmranga . The total length of the diploid complement ( TLC ) of different cultivars ranged from 42.1 1-1 to 61.2 p. Results of the present investigations wer e In agree ment with the report of Datta who studied the karyology of nine Indian varieties of C. annuum and observed most of the chromosomes to be median and near median and one or two pair<; of sub-median or subterminalchromosomes.

Knowledge Management: Journal