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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management and Plant Population Density on Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Irrigated (boro) Rice

N.I. Bhuiyan
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

A. L. Shah
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the BRRI farm, Joydebpur (Grey Terrace soil) during the Boro seasons of 1981 and 1983 using BR3 as the test crop to study the effect of N fertilizer application schedule and plant population density on crop Performance, N use efficiency, N uptake and apparent N recovery of the added N fertilizer under irrigated rice culture. Three N fertilizer application schedules were tested with two plant population densities, 25 hills/m² and 50 hills/m². Plant population density did not influence grain and straw yields although the panicle number per unit area was significantly increased due to an increase in population density. The application of N fertilizer at the rate of 60 kg/ha, irrespective of the application schedule produced more panicles per unit area than when no N was applied, and significantly increased grain and straw yields over control. The three-split application of N fertilizer excluding a basal dose was more effective than the two-split, basal inclusive method or the all-basal application method in terms of the yield of wetland rice, and N fertilizer efficiency. It was concluded that it may not be necessary to increase plant population density to achieve the desired yield level provide a proper N fertilizer application schedule is maintained, specially on soils having moderate to high level of total N.

Keywords: N fertilizer, Plant population density, N fertilizer use efficiency, Boro rice.

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Joydebpur

Start Date: 01-11-1981

End Date: 15-04-1983

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To examine the merits of N fertilizer management practices at varying plant population densities with respect to the yield, N recovery and N use efficiency of irrigated rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted on a low-lying plot of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Joydebpur (Grey Terrace soil : silty clay, pH 6.4, Organic C 1.32%, total N 0.13%, available P 12 ppm, exchangable K 0.22 meq/100 g) during the Bore seasons of 1981 and 1983 using a high-yielding modern variety (BR3) as the test crop. A single moderate rate of N (SO kg/ha) as urea was used with two plant population densities (01-25 hills/m² and O2-50 hills/m²). Blanket applications of phosphate and potash as TSP and MP were made at the rates of 40 kg P₂0 s/ha and 40 kg K₂O/ha, respectively to all plots except absolute control. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Nitrogen fertilizer management treatments were assigned randomly to the main plots (4m x 8m) and plant population densities to the sub-plots (4m x 4m). Fourty-five-day-old seedlings and 2-3 seedlings/hill were transplanted during the second week of January with 20 cm x 20 cm (01) and 20 cm x 10 cm (02) spacing. Irrigation water was maintained at 3-5 cm depth in all plots upto the hard dough stage of the crop. The crop was kept free from weed and pest infestations. The mature crop in an area of 5m²at the centre of each plot was harvested for grain yield data. For straw yield data, 16 hills were collected from four random spots outside the 5m² harvest area of each plot, excluding two border rows all around. These hills were cut at the ground level and after panicle count, the grains were hand threshed. The straw samples were then oven dried at 10°C for 3 days and the straw weights were recorded. The straw and grain samples from 16 hills were subsequently used for total N analysis.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 1 (1): 48-54 (1990)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

These results clearly indicate the superiority of the modified split method to the conventional split method of N fertilizer use efficiency and N recovery. Increasing the plant population density may not be needed for yield optimization if the proper N fertilization schedule is maintained specially on soil having moderate to high level of total N.

Knowledge Management: Journal