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Effects of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Plant and Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane

S. M. Bokhtiar
Division of Soils and Nutrition, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna, Bangladesh

K. Sakurai
Laboratory of Soil & Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B-200 Monobe, Nankoku 783-8502, Kochi, Japan

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of integrated use of some organic manures and chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and productivity in plant and the subsequent ratoon crops of sugarcane. The manures included press mud, farmyard manure (FYM) and green manure (Grotalaria juncea) and the fertilizers were urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulphate. Application of organic manure in combination with chemical fertilizer increased absorption of N, P and K in cane leaf tissues, both in the plant and ratoon crop as compared with chemical fertilizer alone. This led to higher cane and sugar yield of both crops, The maximum cane yield of 108.4 t ha^-1 and sugar yield of 9.47 t ha^-1 for the plant crop, and 96.8 t ha^-1 cane and 9.18 t ha^-1 sugar yields for the second crop (ratoon) were recorded where FYM at 15 t ha^-1 accompanied with chemical fertilizer (N₁₇₈P₅₃K₅₄S₂₆Zn_2.6 kg ha^-1) were applied. The organic carbon, total N, and available P, K & S contents of soils increased slightly due to incorporation of organic manure. It appeared that 25% reduction of fertilizer application is possible if FYM or press mud at 15 t ha^-1 is used in plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane.

Keywords: Organic manure, Chemical fertilizer, Soil fertility, Productivity, Plant, Ratoon crop, Sugarcane

Location: Ishurdi (Pabna), Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2001

End Date: 00-00-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Organic fertilizer

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of combined use of some organic manure and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality as well as soil properties of the plant and succeeding ratoon crops of sugarcane

Methodology:

Field experiments were carried out in two consecutive growing seasons of 2001 to 2003 in the Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute farm soil (Typic-Eutrochrepts) at Ishurdi; Pabna (24° 8' N latitude and 92°5' E longitude) having sub-tropical humid climate. After the harvesting of plant cane grown in 2001 - 2002, ratoon crops were raised from left-over stubbles of harvested plant cane in the following year 2002 - 2003 growing season. The soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from experimental plots, air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. The soil was a calcareous silt loam containing sand, silt and clay at the rate of 22, 55 and 23%, respectively with pH 8.0. The soil had 1.14% OM, total N 0.06%,8.0 mg kg^-1 available P, 74.1 mg kg^-1 exchangeable K, 30 mg kg^-1 available Sand 0.9 mg kg^-1 Zn contents. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was 14.0 cmol (p⁺)kg^-1. The experiment comprised nine treatments. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Urea, triple superphospahte (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), gypsum and zinc sulphate was used as sources of N, P, K, S and Zn, respectively. FYM, press mud and green manure (Grotalaria ,Juncea) were. used as organic manure. The urea was applied in three equal splits, the first split after establishment of setts i.e., 20 days after planting (DAP), the second at tiller completion stage (90 DAP) arid the third at grand growth phase (180 DAP). Full amount of TSP, gypsum, zinc sulphate, press mud, FYM and one third of MOP were applied in trenches and thoroughly mixed with soil prior to settlings transplantation. The rest amount of MOP was applied as 'top dressings at 90 DAP and 180 DAP. For the ratoon crop, 50% more N than the plant crop was used. Application methods of fertilizers for ratoon were the same as that of the plant crop. Thirty day-old single-bud sugarcane setts (variety Isd 20) raised in small polythene bags where transplanted in 11 December 2001. Each plot had an area of 8 m x 6 m in which six rows of cane were planted at an inter-row spacing of 1 m and 0.45 m interplant spacing. Plant crop, was harvested on 15 November 2002 and the ratoon crop on 9 December 2003. Soil textural class was determined by hydrometer method and soil pH was measured in a 1 :2.5 soil water suspension by glass electrode pH meter. Total N was determined by macro Kjeldahl procedure and organic carbon by the Walkley and Black method. Available soil P was extracted with 0.5M NaHC0₃ and the amount was determined by spectrophotometry. Exchangeable K (IN NH₄OAc extractable) was determined by flame photometry and available S by turbidimetric method for soil and plant leaf. Elements like Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were performed using an atomic absorption spectrometry (perkin Elmer 3111) following Petersen (2002). Data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (AN OVA) and the treatment differences were adjudged by least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, June 2005; 51(3): 325-334; ISSN 0365-0340

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total application of 25% less than recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (N₁₃₈P₄₀ K₄₀ S₂₀ Zn₂ kg ha^-1) with FYM or press mud at 15 t ha^-1 for plant crop (first crop) and fifty percent more N in addition to other fertilizers applied to the plant crop for the ratoon crop (second crop) might be required for obtaining higher yield of sugarcane without deterioration of soil fertility

Knowledge Management: Journal