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Contribution of Plant Nutrient in Enhancing Yield and Sugar Content of Sugarcane in Bangladesh

S. M. Bokhtiar
Assistant Soil Chemist
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Many sugarcane growing countries face challenges to achieve sugar self-sufficiency in a sustainable manner; considering the increasing population limited availability of land and particular socio-economic conditions. Over exploitation of soil resources and continuous unbalanced fertilization in sugarcane farming systems have resulted in land degradation such as top soil removal, nutrient mining, and depletion of soil carbon, accelerated soil acidification and soil salinization limiting sugarcane production in many regions. The situation is particularly alarming in Bangladesh. This paper reviewed the achievements on N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and Mn research in Bangladesh. Also discussed their effects on sugarcane yield and sucrose content to those fertilizers. Individual application of N, P, K, Sand Zn increased the cane yield by 33.0, 34.4, 16.2, 16.2 and 8. 7%, respectively compared with unfertilized control. Therefore, particular emphasis should be put to improve fertilizer use efficiency through efficient management of all nutrient sources available in a farm, village or region and nutrient recycling leading to the increase productivity of sugar yield.

Keywords: Sugarcane, Plant nutrient, Sugar congtent, Fertilizer,

Location: Ishurdi (Pabna), Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

To review and discuss the definite role of nutrients on physiological activity in relation to sugar synthesis and their influence on cane yields and sugar recovery.

Methodology:

The cane growers and millers always overlook this important biological factor which forms the core of cane processing and consequently, low sucrose recovery has become a common feature of sugar industry in Bangladesh. An attempt is made to review of research conducted in Bangladesh in relation to influence of fertilizer on cane yield and sugar recovery and possible suggestion as well. Treatment: T₁- NPKS and Zn based on soil test value (STV) against targeted yield (100 ±10 t ha^-1), T₂-T₁ + 150t ha^-1 farmyard manure (FYM), T₃-25% less of T₁+15 t ha^-1 FYM, T₄-T₁ + 15 t ha^-1 press mud, T₅ - 25% less of T₁ + 15 t ha^-1 press mud, T₆ - T₁ + green manure crops, Crotalaria juncea, T₇ - Present recomended dose of NPKS and Zn, T₈ - 25% more of T₇, with T0 - congtrol (no fertilizer). T₁: 1/2 at time of planting + 1/2 of sulphur at 150 days after planting (DAP). T₂: 1/2 at time of planting + 1/2 of sulphur at 150 DAP. T₃: 1/3 at time of planting + 1/3 of sulphur at 90 DAP + 1/3 at 150 DAP. Phosphorus levels: P₀: Control, P₁: 20Kg P, P₂: 40Kg P, P₃ : 60 Kg P & P₄: 80 Kg P ha^-1. Nitrogen Levels : N₀: Control, N₁ : 70 Kg N, N₂: 140 Kg N & N₃: 210 Kg N ha^-1. Potassium Levels: K₀ Control, K₁: 40 kg K, K₂: 80 kg K & K₃: 120 kg K ha^-1. Clone/Variety: V₁: 193-93, V₂: I 110-93, V₃: I 197-93, V₄: I 204-93 & V₅: Isd 16. Individual application of N, P, K, S and Zn increased the cane yield by 33.0, 34.4, 16.2, 16.2 and 8.7%, respectively compared with unfertilized control.

Source of Information: Pak Sugar Journal March-April 2004, 48-57.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained from a wide range of experiments conducted by Bangladesh Sugarcane Research institute clearly indicates that no single element/fertilizer is involved in sugar synthesis process, rather every essential element helps in physiological activity that occurs in plant body. These elements are the integral part of the balanced fertilization. Unbalanced plant nutrients have also resulted from micro-nutrient deficiency in Bangladesh and the developing countries as well. It is, therefore, needed an immediate attention of the Sugar Millers to use balanced nutrition. Future research should focus on phosphorus and micronutrients with special emphasis on light textured soils of northwestern part of the country, as these soils are deficient in nutrients. For precise recommendations of micro-nutrient for a soil, it should be analyzed for its Mg, S, and Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo and Bo content in a soil testing laboratory through a balanced nutrition program. Moreover research should include an extension survey of different sugarcane growing soils of Bangladesh, to determination the critical levels of nutrients in soil and plant and also trials may be adapted on Mills' farm to ascertain the range of responses in different situations.

Knowledge Management: Journal