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Farmers Perception of Pesticides Application and Its Impact on the Sustainable Environment

S. Ahmed
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Alam
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

R. Khatun
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A.S.M. Iqbal Hussain
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science & Technology University Patuakhali

MA Haque
Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to determine the farmers perception about the impact of using pesticides on environmental pollution of the selected 90 farmers of Asulia and Maloncho villages under Dhamrai upazilla of Dhaka district and Kumargata union under Muktagacha Upazilla of Mymensingh district. The findings revealed that 46.6% farmers are illiterate while about 65.5% of the farmers had small farms and the highest proportion (61.1%) of the farmers fall in the regularly direct participation in farming and 51.1% of the farmers falls in low knowledge. Majority (66.7%) of the farmers had low information sources used and 61.1% of the respondents takes no training on safe handling and applying pesticides. The highest proportion (53.4%) of the respondents had low environmental pollution awareness. The highest portion of (40.0%) of respondents used in insecticide, herbicide and fungicide while the highest proportion (61.1%) of the respondents concerned about water pollution. Most of the operators (32.2%) used two protective cloths such as long sleeve shirt and "gamcha", highest portion 27.7% diseases of difficulty breathing, fever, headache and nausea during application. Accidental ingestion (60% of all causes) resulted from drinking water stored in empty containers for drinking water in the present study.

Keywords: Perception, Impact, Pesticide, Environment, Pollution.

Location: The study was conducted in Asulia and Maloncho villages under Dhamrai upazilla of Dhaka district and Kumargata union under Muktagacha upazilla of Mymensingh district

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To determine the farmers perception about the impact of using pesticides on environmental pollution along with the pesticides use profile by the farmers and to know the farmers protection willingness on the aspect of its use impact on his health.

Methodology:

during January–February 2010 and July– September 2010. Ninety farmers were interviewed from the study areas and different information collected with the help of UAO, SAAO, MO. An interview schedule was prepared for collection of data from the respondents keeping the objectives of the study in mind. Both open and closed forms of questions were included in the interview schedule. The questionnaire was prepared in Bengali and the questionnaire was pretested among 15 farm family heads in the sample villages before preparing the final version of questionnaire for collecting the data for the study. The pretest was helpful in identifying faulty questions and statements. Necessary additions, deletions, modifications and adjustments were made in the interview schedule on the basis of experience gained from the pretest. The interview schedule was then finalized for collection of data. Fifteen individual characteristics of the fanners were considered as independent variables and the procedures followed in measuring are discussed here. The age of a farmer is defined as the number of years from his birth to the time of interview and was rounded to the nearest whole number. It was measured in terms of years on the basis of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) or other available records. The education is defined in scores where score one for passing class I, 10 for passing SSC, 12 for passing HSC, 16 for Bachelor's degree and 18 for Master's degree. In case of annual income, the farmers were classified into five categories such as; very low income (<25000 Tk/yr), low income (25000–50000 Tk/yr), medium income (50000–150000 Tk/yr), high income (150000–200000 Tk/yr) and very high income (>200000 Tk/yr). Based on their farm size, it was classified into four categories where marginal farm size (0.12–0.20 ha), small farm size (0.21–1.00 ha), medium farm size (1.01–3.00 ha) and large farm size (3.01–6.84 ha) as followed by DAE (1995). Direct participation in farming was measured by the own (farmers) performs in agricultural work and classified into four categories such as; not at all, rarely, occasionally and regularly. In case of the knowledge of pesticides use, score one (1) was given for each positive answer and Zero (0) score was given each negative answer. Out of five statements the respondent, scored 0 to 1 classified as low knowledge, 2 to 3 as medium and above 3 as high knowledge on pesticides use. Similar score for positive and negative answer was also use of information sources regarding the use of different pesticides and environmental pollution awareness where out of 16 statements, 0 to 5 classified as low information received, 6 to 11 as medium information received and above 11 as high information received for using of pesticides. Out of seven (7) statements, 0 to 2 classified as low environmental pollution awareness, 3 to 5 as medium environmental pollution awareness and above 5 as high environmental pollution awareness for using of pesticides. Structured questionnaire (yes/not) were used to get the information about training on safe handling and applying pesticides. Yes/no question was also used for respondents regarding the impact of pesticide on farmer health and the adverse effect on air, water and soil pollution. Using types of pesticides are also observed among the 90 respondents as single, double, triple or quadruple and some farmers do not use any type of pesticides. Protective measures during spraying pesticides were also observed where long sleeve shirt means single item; long sleeve shirt and gamcha means two item; long sleeve shirt, gamcha and cloth over mouth and nose means three item; long sleeve shirt, gamcha and cloth over mouth and nose, and eye glass means four item; five item means long sleeve shirt, long trousers, eye glass, cloth over mouth and nose, and hat means four item. Diseases of the respondents were also categorized by very chronic, acute and carcinogenic. Number of male, female and children poisoning due to pesticides were also collected and recorded by asking the officers or farmers.

Source of Information: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, ISSN: 2309-7892, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Page: 25-31, October-December 2015, Retrieve from http://www.ijbssr.com/currentissueview/14013122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above study, it may be concluded that the present study area of the farmers perception about the impact of using pesticides on environmental pollution is not satisfactory because farmers use pesticides indiscriminately without knowing the actual soil and plant requirements. On the other hand, due to selection of wrong pesticide, over dosages and untimely application, faulty method of application and carelessness and negligence of the farmers can cause environmental pollution. So, different government, non–government agencies and mass media should come forward to train and aware them properly about the impact of using pesticides on environmental pollution. It is expected that the finding would be applicable to the farmers of the studied area. The findings would also help the field workers of different nation building government and non–government organizations to improve strategies of action essential for conserving environment friendly agriculture. In order to meet the challenges of 21st century, there is a growing awareness on environmental issues and judicious use of pesticides in crop production has acquired considerable importance in our strategy for achieving sustainable agricultural development. It was expected that outcome of this study would be helpful in planning, organization and management of environment friendly sustainable agricultural development programmed in Bangladesh.

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