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Effect of Harvest Times on the Yield and Seed Quality of French Bean

M.R. Shaheb
On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M.N. Islam
Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

A. Nessa
Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M.A. Hossain
Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydevpur, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A two years field study was carried out in the research field and laboratory of Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2008-10. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five different dates of harvest viz. H₁: 65 Days after emergence (DAE), H₂: 70 DAE, H₃: 75 DAE, H₄: 80 DAE and H₅: 85 DAE on the seed yield and viability of French bean. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCB) with four replications. Results showed that the yield and yield contributing parameters significantly influenced the days to harvesting. The highest seed yields of 1.15 and 1.31 t ha^-1 were obtained from the harvest of 75 DAE (Days after emergence) in 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. On the contrary, seed quality parameters like seed germination, root length and vigour index were also significantly influenced by harvest time. The highest seed germination percentage of 91.33 and 91.56 were recorded from the seed plots harvested at 75 DAE (pods are light brown with few yellow colour) both for the year 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. Similarly, the vigour indexes (12.49 and 11.64) were the highest in seed harvested at 75 DAE from the year of 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. This might be due to more food reserve and dry matter accumulation on the seed at later harvest. However, seeds harvested in 80 and 85 DAE were also found good for seed yield and seed quality.

Keywords: French bean, Seed maturity, Viability, Seed yield, Vigour index

Location: Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2008

End Date: 00-03-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

i) To find out appropriate harvest time on the seed yield and quality of French bean and

ii) To investigate the relationship between seed maturity and viability with harvest time in French bean.

Methodology:

The trial was conducted at the research field and laboratory of Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during rabi season from November 2008 to March 2010. The experimental treatments comprised of five different dates of harvesting viz., H1: 65 Days after emergence (DAE- Department of Agriculture Extension), H2: 70 DAE, H3: 75 DAE, H4: 80 DAE and H5: 85 DAE. The harvesting stages were characterized by deep green with light yellow colour of pod (65 DAE), 50% green and 50% yellowing of pods (70 DAE), light brown with few yellow colour pods (75 DAE), 90% brown colour of pods (80 DAE) and 100% brown colour and dried pods (85 DAE), respectively. Approximately 100% field emergence was recorded at 10 days after sowing of seed. The French bean (also called Bush bean) variety BARI Jharsheem-1 was used for the trial. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The unit plot size was 12 sq.m. The land was fertilized with 23, 75, 75 and 20 kg ha^-1 of N, P, K and S in the form of Urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum, respectively (BARI, 2006). Half of N and all other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining N was applied at 30 DAS. Seeds were sown in furrows @ 60 kg ha^-1 in 30 cm rows on 22 and23 November 2008 and 2009, respectively. Before sowing, all seeds were treated with Bavistin @ 0.2x ml kg-1 of seed. All intercultural operation viz., weeding (two times one each at 15 and 40 DAE), thinning (1 time), irrigation (two times one each at 30 and 50 DAE) were done. The crop was harvested on February 3 (65 DAE), Feb 8 (70 DAE), Feb 13 (75 DAE), Feb 18 (80 DAE) and Feb 23 (85 DAE). Prior to harvest 5 plants were selected randomly from each plot and uprooted carefully for collecting data on yield contributing characters viz. field emergence, 50% of flowering, plant height and pods plant-1, and seeds pod-1. After harvesting the collected pods were then sun dried until the moisture content reached 10-12%. Seed yield data collected from individual plots were converted to per hectare of yield. The data on seed quality parameters like seed germination (%), root and shoot length (cm), average seedling dry weight (g) and vigour index (%) were then taken in the laboratory following ISTA rules. The collected data were statistically analyzed following the ANOVA technique using MSTAT-C software. The mean differences among the treatment means were adjudged by Least Square Difference (Gomez and Gomez., 1984). Seed vigour index was calculated by multiplying germination (%) and seedling length (Abdul-Baki and Anderson, 1973). Seed germination was calculated by using stander formula.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 13(1):01-13 (2015), http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/SJA/issue/view/1402

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Seed is the most valuable, basic and vital living input for increasing crop production. It has been scientifically proved that quality seed alone can contribute to the increase of yield by 15-20%. Therefore, quality seed production at appropriate time and seed maturity are a must for successful crop production. However, the present investigation revealed that the highest seed yield (1.15 and 1.08 t ha^-1) of French bean (BARI Jharsheem-1) was obtained from third harvest (75 DAE) while pods are shown light brown with few yellow colour in both the years. Regarding seed quality parameters, the study showed that French bean seeds harvested at 75 days after emergence were better in seed quality. Maximum seed germination and vigour index were also observed in seed harvested at 75 days of emergence. However, seeds harvested 80 and 85 DAE were also found good for seed yield and seed quality. To sum up, it can be concluded that harvesting of French bean seed at 75 to 85 days after emergence would be physiologically matured seed that ultimately lead to the highest seed quality as well.

Knowledge Management: Journal