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Effect of Plant Density on Canopy Structure and Dry Matter Partitioning Into Plant Parts of Soybean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of plant spacing on morphological characters, dry mass production and its partitioning into plant parts, yield attributes and yield of newly developed two soybean varieties. The experiment comprised two types of varieties viz., BINAsoybean-1(large canopy) and BINAsoybean-2 (small canopy) and four plants spacing of 5 cm × 30 cm, 10 cm × 30 cm, 15 cm × 30 cm and 20 cm × 30 cm. Morpho-physiological characters such as root length, lateral root number, plant height, number of branches and leaves plant^-1 as well as leaf area plant^-1, total dry mass production plant^-1, yield attributes such as number of pods and seeds plant^-1 and seed yield plant^–1 were increased with increasing plant spacing while reverse trend was observed in plant height and seed yield m^-2. The genotype having lower canopy area requires narrows plant spacing and vice versa. The larger canopy bearing genotype, BINAsoybean-1 performed best at the moderate spacing of 10 cm × 30 cm and the lower canopy bearing genotype, BINAsoybean-2 performed well at the closer spacing of 5 cm × 30 cm. Plant density had no significant influence on proportion of dry matter partitioning into different plant parts.

Keywords: Soybean; Plant density; Dry matter partitioning; Yield

Location: Experimental field, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 09-12-2010

End Date: 20-04-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To find out optimum plant density for maximizing seed yield through dry matter production ability and their patterns of distribution to different plant parts in soybean.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from December 2010 to April 2011. Two soybean varieties namely BINAsoybean-1 and BINAsoybean-2 were used in the experiment. Seeds were sown in line distance between two lines was 30 cm and within row, plant to plant distance was 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. Here we considered planting distance range from 5 cm to 20 cm because of the national recommended plant to plant distance of released varieties was 10 cm. The experiment was laid out in two factor randomized complete block design with four replicates. The unit plot size was 2.5 cm × 2.5 m. The fertilizers were applied during the final land preparation at the rate of 40, 80 and 60 kg ha^-1 of urea, triple superphosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. Seeds were then sown on December 05, 2008 at about 3-4 cm depth from the soil surface apart from 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm plant to plant distance depending on the treatment. Different intercultural operations such as weeding, thinning, irrigation and pesticide spray were done as and when necessary. For dry matter partitioning study, two harvests were made at R2 (55 DAS) and R7 (115 DAS) reproductive stages. From each sampling, 10 competitive plants were randomly selected from each plot and uprooted for collecting necessary parameters. The plants were separated into roots, stems, leaves and pods, and the corresponding dry weight were recorded after oven drying at 80 ± 2 ⁰C for 72 hours. The yield contributing characters were recorded at harvest from ten competitive plants of each plot. The seed yield was recorded from five rows of each plot (1.50 m × 2.5 m) and converted into seed weight hectare^-1. Data were analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: Life Science Journal, 11 (3): 67-73

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Plant spacing had significant influence on total dry matter production but not dry matter partitioning into different plant parts. In other words, dry matter partitioning into plant parts is constant under any plant spacing. Results indicated that optimum plant spacing in soybean depend on canopy area of a genotype. The optimum plant spacing of BINAsoybean-1, the large canopy structure genotype, was 10 cm × 30 cm and 5 cm × 30 cm for BINAsoybean-2, the small canopy structure genotype. Further experimentation is needed for confirmation of the results.

Knowledge Management: Journal