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Estimation of Water Requirement of Rice at Different Growth Stages by Using Microl Ysimeter

L. R. Bhuiyan
Principal Agronomist
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

M. J. Islam
Senior Soil Physicist
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI,Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Microlysimeters were fabricated to estimate water requirement of rice at different growth stages. Daily evapotranspiration, evaporation, seepage and percolation rates were directly measured and transpiration rates were derived. During the seedling establishment stage evapotranspiration rates ranged from 2. 8 to 3.3 mm/day and transpiration rates ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mm/day. Mean daily transpiration rates at tillering stage during irrigated season were higher than mean daily evaporation rates. Transpiration was the major component of evapotranspiration loss during the booting stage. Evapotranspiration rates reached to the peak point at the flowering stage. Mean daily evapotranspiration rates at the flowering stage were 8.1, 6.2 and 4.9 mm/day in Boro 1981, 1982 and T. Aman (rainfed lowlend rice) 1982 and mean daily transpiration rates of the corresponding periods were 6.5, 4.1 and 3.1 mm/ day. The results indicated high demand of water at the flowering stage. Evapotranspiration gradually decreased with maturity of rice. Mean daily evapotranspiration rates at maturation stage were 3.3, 4.4 and 3.9 mm/day in Boro 1981, 1982 and T. Aman 1982 respectively. Mean daily seepage and percolation ranged from 1.1 to 1.7 mm/ day. Estimated water requirement for field duration of 112 days for BR3 variety in irrigated Boro in 1981 and 1982 were 700.3 and 618.9 mm. Total water required from seed to seed were 940.3, 858.2 and 727.9 mm for irrigated Boro in 1981, 1982 and T. Aman 1982, respectively.

Keywords: Estimation of water requirement of rice, Growth stages, Microlysimeter

Location: BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To measure the loss of water through seepage and percolation and evapotranspiration of rice at field level for estimation of field water requirement of rice at different growth stages by using microlysimeter.

Methodology:

Daily evapotranspiration (ET) was measured by using the microlysimcter from the change in height of water column in the manometer. Evaporation was measured by using microlysimeter in the above process from the units where no rice seedlings were transplanted. Transpiration was calculated by deducting daily evaporation from evapotranspiration. Seepage and percolation rates were measured from plots by using inclined meters. The amount of water delivered from the manometer to the lysimcter to maintain a constant water depth was due to evapotranspiration (ET) and evaporation (E) from crop and water surface respectively. The amount was calculated from the change in height of water column in the manometer. The PVC cylinder were installed in a well prepared land by digging soil and leaving 10 cm above ground. The cylinders were filled with silty clay type soils, collected from the field where they were installed, about 30 days prior to field placement. The topography of the experimental site was slightly undulated but the field was plane. The filling work was done according to horizons up to height of 55 cm from the bottom. The soils in the cylinder were kept under submerged condition so that bulk density of soils returned close to field condition. The upper surface of soils in the PVC cylinder were in the same level of the field. Two seedlings of BR3 rice variety were transplanted at the center of each PVC cylinder; installed in the field. During Boro season 30 day' old seedlings were transplanted in February and were harvested in May. Similarly during T. Aman 30-day-old seedlings were sere transplanted in August and were harvested in November. A long scale was placed along the side of the manometer tube to measure the change in water column in the reservoir. The reservoir tube was refilled before water reached the bottom of the bubble tube. Daily ET and T was measured from seedling establishment period till the time of maturity. Water supply was curtailed one week before harvesting.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 2 (1&2) :32-39, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

During the seedling establishment stage evapotranspiration rates ranged from 2. 8 to 3.3 mm/day and transpiration rates ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 mm/day. Mean daily transpiration rates at tillering stage during irrigated season were higher than mean daily evaporation rates. Transpiration was the major component of evapotranspiration loss during the booting stage. Evapotranspiration rates reached to the peak point at the flowering stage. Mean daily evapotranspiration rates at the flowering stage were 8.1, 6.2 and 4.9 mm/day in Boro 1981, 1982 and T. Aman (rainfed lowlend rice) 1982 and mean daily transpiration rates of the corresponding periods were 6.5, 4.1 and 3.1 mm/ day. The results indicated high demand of water at the flowering stage. Evapotranspiration gradually decreased with maturity of rice. Mean daily evapotranspiration rates at maturation stage were 3.3, 4.4 and 3.9 mm/day in Boro 1981, 1982 and T. Aman 1982 respectively. Mean daily seepage and percolation ranged from 1.1 to 1.7 mm/ day. Estimated water requirement for field duration of 112 days for BR3 variety in irrigated Boro in 1981 and 1982 were 700.3 and 618.9 mm. Total water required from seed to seed were 940.3, 858.2 and 727.9 mm for irrigated Boro in 1981, 1982 and T. Aman 1982, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal