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Efficacy of Ivermectin Against Naturally Occuring Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Ectoparasites of Sheep

A.S.M.A. Hannan
Dept. of Livestock Services

M. Mostofa
Dept. of Pharmacology and Parasitology, BAU.

M.A. Hoque
Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, CGVC, Pahartali, Chittagong-4202.

M.A. Alim
Dept. of Pharmacology and Parasitology, BAU.

A.K.M. Saifuddin
Dept. of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, CGVC, Pahartali, Chittagong-4202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The clinical and hematological parameters in sheep were found to be significantly changed for 28 days at different interval when lvermectin was used at the dose of 500 µg/kg body wt against gastrointestinal nematodes and ectoparasites. The cent percent efficacy of lvermectin against ectoparasites (Lice and Ticks) had been evidenced on day 7 of treatment and sustained up to 28 days. Similarly, no nematodal eggs were found on fecal examination after Day '7' to 28 of the treatment. The body weight of the treated sheep gradually increased over the study period and the difference was significant between Day 7 and Day 28 of treatment. Hematological parameters Hb%, PCV and ESR had also been recorded to be significantly changed (either p=0.08 or p<0.001) between pretreatment and treated samples at different intervals (Day between: 0 & 7, 0 & 14 &0 & 21 and 0 & 28) during the course of the study.

Keywords: Ivermectin, Efficacy, Ecto and Endo parasites, Sheep

Location: The village Boyra of Kotowali thana under Mymensingh district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sheep

Objectives:

I. To determine the efficacy of Ivermectin against both gastrointestinal nematodes and ectoparasites of sheep

II. To determine the effect of Ivermectin on live weight gain

III. To determine the effect of Ivermectin on hematological parameters (Hb, PCV and ESR) in sheep

Methodology:

Study area was the village Boyra of Kotowali thana under Mymensingh district. Selection of the study area was based on their good communication, close proximity to university and research center, cost effectiveness and for the availability of study population. Household consisting of at least one adult sheep having infection both by ecto and endo parasites. With the help of a short survey under Boyra village, a total of 77 households were identified where sheep were being reared. About 9 sheep were recorded to be infected by ecto parasites, 13 by endo parasites and 25 were infected by both ecto and endo parasites. The infected study population was screened out on the basis of detectable clinical signs and history and close clinical observation. Fifteen households, each having at least one adult sheep affected both by ecto (Lice and Tick) and endo (Gastrointestinal) parasites, was selected from the sampling frame (household having similar infected sheep) through a simple radomized sampling technique. At last, one from each household, 15 infected sheep were recruited for the experiment and in case of household having more than one infected sheep; one sheep was taken through the same simple randomization technique. The physical and standard fecal examination technique was followed to confirm the infection of the experiment population. The total 15 sheep were then taken trail with Ivermectin at a specified dose to observe and record the changes in their clinical and hematological parameters at 7 days interval for 28 days. The single Ivermectin (Pour on) was applied on the vertebral column of the animals @ of 500 µg/kg body weight. All the treated animals were closely observed to study the efficacy of Ivermectin (Pour on) for 28 days at 7 days interval. Data were recorded on different clinical parameters (Severity of ectoparasitic infestation, Number of egg counted and body weight), hematological parameters (Hemoglobin content, Packed Cell Volume and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate), which were later compared with pretreatment ('0' Day) clinical and hematological values of those sheep.The presence of ecto parasites, particularly ticks and lice, of the sheep were examined-by close physical examination and the degree of infestation were marked as light (in case of tick, sheep infested with <50 ticks; for lice, infested with <10 lice/4 square inch), moderate (in case of tick, sheep infested with >50 ticks but <300; for lice, infested with> 10 but <50 lice/4 square inch) and severe (in case of tick, sheep infested with >300 ticks; for lice, infested with >50 lice/4 square inch). Fecal samples were collected and examined by direct smear, sedimentation and flotation methods as described by Hansen (1998) from all the sheep prior to treatment and during post treatment period on 7^th, 14^th, 2^1st and ²⁸" day to study the presence of egg of gastrointestinal parasites. The hematological parameters were determined as per standard method cited.

Source of Information: Ban. 1. An. Sc. 2003, 32 (1-2) : 39-45, (ISSN 003-3588)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The cent percent efficacy of lvermectin against ectoparasites had been evidenced on day 7 of treatment and sustained up to 28 days. Similarly, no nematodal eggs were found on fecal examination after Day '7' to 28 of the treatment. The body weight of the treated sheep gradually increased over the study period and the difference was significant between Day 7 and Day 28 of treatment. Hematological parameters Hb%, PCV and ESR had also been recorded to be significantly changed between pretreatment and treated samples at different intervals (Day between: 0 & 7, 0 & 14 &0 & 21 and 0 & 28) during the course of the study.

Knowledge Management: Journal