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Toxicity of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Tribolium Confusum Duval

I Mahfuz
Department of Zoology, Crop Protection and Toxicology Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

LAM Khanam
BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The efficacy of seven different plant extracts viz. Acorus calamus rhizome, leaves of Datura fastuosa, Datura stramonium and seeds of D. stramonium, Corchorus capsularis, Aphanamixis polystachea and Jatropha curcas on Tribolium confusum adult was studied. Dose mortality experiments were conducted with three solvent (petroleum ether, acetone and methanol) extracts separately but J. curcas seed was tested with petroleum ether extract only. Among three solvents, petroleum ether extract exhibited piquant toxic effect against the beetle at all the intervals although D. fastuosa leaf produces no mortality at 24 hours of treatment. Acetone extract of A. calamus rhizome, D. fastuosa leaf, D. stramonium seed and C. capsularis seed produced mortality at all the intervals but D. stramonium leaf and A. polystachea seed did not show any toxic effect. Methanol extract of C. capsularis seed showed toxicity at all the duration.

Keywords: Toxic effect, Plant extracts, Tribolium confusum.

Location: Department of Zoology, Crop Protection and Toxicology Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To minimize use of pesticides and to avoid pollution of the environment, natural antifeedant, deterrent and repellent substances have been searched for pest control during recent times.

Methodology:

Plant parts were collected from different areas of Bangladesh. All the parts were dried in shade and dried in an oven at 40ºC. After drying, plant parts were crushed in a grinder machine and extracted in soxhlet apparatus separately with petroleum ether, acetone and methanol. The solvents were evaporated in rotary vacuum evaporator at 40ºC under reduced pressure yielding the petroleum ether, acetone and methanol extracts and then collected in small reagent bottle, preserved at 4ºC in a refrigerator. Mass culture of T. confusum was maintained in glass jars on whole meal flour and brewers yeast (19:1) in an incubator at 30ºC. A sub culture was also maintained in an incubator at the same temperature for collection of T. confusum. For testing beetle mortality, six doses were used including control (only solvent). The experiments were carried out by adopting residual film technique. The doses were prepared by mixing the requisite quantities of extracted materials with 10 ml acetone or methanol. Methanol was used in the case of methanol extract because this extract does not dissolve properly in acetone. For each dose containing 01 ml liquid was dropped on a Petri dish (9.5 cm diam.) and after drying 15 days old 40 adults were released in each Petri dish. The doses were calculated by measuring the weight of extracted materials (mg) in 01 ml of the solvent divided by the surface area of the Petri dish and converted into mg/cm². Mortality was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The mortality was corrected using Abbott's formula and LD₅₀ values were determined by probit analysis. The experiments were replicated thrice and conducted at 30±0.5ºC.

Source of Information: Journal of Bio- Science. Vol. 15, pp: 133-138, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS/article/view/2153/1934

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the mortality of mustard saw fly Athalia proxima Klug. when treated with ether extract of A. calamus rhizome. The present findings suggested a piquant toxic nature of the plant parts on T. confusum that can be utilized in storehouses against this pest. Further work on the identification of active ingredient of petroleum ether extract, which is more effective than other extracts and their bioassay, is utmost needed.

Knowledge Management: Journal