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Genetic Manipulation of Some Characters for the Increased Yield Potentials of Food Crops of Bangladeshi

S. M. H. Zaman
Member ( Agril.)
Planning Comniasion, Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The genetic yield potential (GYP) of a crop can be obtained under field condition due to variation of growing environment and socio-economic conditions. The field potential of yield (FPY) under farmers field condition can be improved by the use of improved technologies. management and proper Inputs. Socio-economic factors sometimes may become a key-point for the success or failure of a crop in a country. There exists a higher degree of variation of yield per hectare in rice. wheat. maize. pulse, oil-seed crops and potatoes. These variations indicate a possibility of improving the yield either by removing the constraints or by genetic manipulation of the yield components in general and protein content in particular. The total protein content can be decreased without reducing the digestible protein contents of the food crops. By chemical and genetic manipulation of the protein contents of a crop, it Is possible to increase the yield of food crops, The use of vines of sweet potato end true stems of table potato as seed may reduce the cost of production. Breeding strategies have been suggested tor both the potato crops. Due to chanced family size, sizes of certain vegetables like cabbage. cauliflower. gourds. and fruits like melons, papayas, mangoes, etc, need to be changed to an economical size by genetical manipulation. Similarly. genetical manipulation may be needed to make the non-conventional food items particularly grown in flood prone area to make these more versatile and popular food items which will also allow more cash to a farmer.

Keywords: Genetic manlpulatlon, Yield potential, Food crops

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize, Wheat, Rice

Objectives:

Among the cereals, the probable yield Increase of rice, wheat and maize crops are discussed

Methodology:

The genetic yield potential ( GYP) of a crop is its inherent productive capacity. However, due to variation of environment in which the crop is grown the GYP may vary and therefore difficult to get the maximum yield under natural condition. For practical purpose the "Field Potential of Yield (FPY)" can be used as a basis for a commercial exploitable potential of the GYP. The FPY Is an interaction of the GYP and enviroment (E). That is, FPY=GYP X E. The environment has several components. These are physical, edaphic and biological. All of these may act either singly or combinedly on the productivity of the crop. The physical aspect consists of the climatic factors. The edaphlc one comprises of soil texture, composition and topo- graphy. The biological aspect may include the genetical variability of the crop itself, the weeds, pests and soil micro flora. The man himself can directly or indirectly affect the productivity of crops. Apart from these natural factors, the non-natural factors like the socio- economic aspects play a very important role on the crop productivity. In fact, the market demand and the market price of a crop may sometimes become the most decisive factors to influence the FPY. The main objective of this paper is to show how the breeders shall have to manipulate the chemical composition of the crops in general and the protein content In particular to provide a higher FPY within the normal capability of the farmers.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Crop Sci. 1990, 1 (1): 1-12

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The yield limits as Indicated, can only be achieved if the basic research on the complex interrelated, among photosynthesis, respiration and growth including vegetative and reproductively mechanisms are studied carefully to develop a unlfied theory of growth and reproduction. Such basic knowledge will assist to develop the technologies needed to increase the total yields of the food crops.

Knowledge Management: Journal