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Influence of Organic Matter on the Yield and Mineral Nutrition of Modern Rice and Soil Properties

Mustaque Ahmed
Principal Scientific Officer
BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Shamsur Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A micro plot experiment was conducted to compare organic matter from dhaincha (40 t/ha) and well decomposed cowdung (60 t/ha) and standard fertilizer treatment (80-60-40 kg N-P₂0₅-K₂0/ha) in terms of their effects on the performance of rice and on soil properties. The application of organic matter and chemical fertilizer increased tiller and panicle production and straw and grain yields of the first crop. However, dhaincha caused excessive vegetative growth which hampered grain formation owing to mutual shading, so that the grain yield increase was minimal with dhaincha. In the subsequent crop, significantly higher grain yield over control was obtained from the plots which received organic matter in the previous crop season. The concentrations of Zn in both the soil (available) and rice straw were lower for the organic matter treatments. Relatively higher levels of exchangeable K, total N and CEC of soil were observed in the organic matter treated plots. Remarkable improvement in soil physical properties, such as, decrease in bulk density and an increase in moisture retention at field capacity were brought about by the application of dhaincha.

Keywords: Organic matter, Yield, Mineral nutrition of rice, Soil phosphorus

Location: BRRI experimental farm, Joydebpur,Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1981

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To observe the beneficial effects of organic matter on rice and on soil properties.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out on a silty clay loam soil of the BRRI experimental farm at Joydebpur in T. Aman season of 1981 with 4 treatments: control, 40 t dhaincha/ha (sun-dry basis), 60 t cowdung/ha (oven dry basis) and a chemical fertilizer treatment 80-60-40 kg N-P₂O₅-K₂O/ha. Admittedly the addition of such a large amount of organic matter at a time is practically impossible, yet used in this study in order to observe the effect of large quantities of added organic matter on soil properties. The experimental soil initially was nearly neutral (pH 6.8) with 0.90% organic C, 0.12% total N, 26 ppm available P, 0.13 meq/100 gm soil exchangeable K and 17 ppm available S contents. The experiment was conducted in microplots (1.2 m x 10m) and laid out in a RCB design with four replications. Forty five-day-old dhaincha shoots (Sesbania aculeata) were chopped into small pieces and sundried. Dhaincha and cowdung were applied to the respective plots 3 weeks before transplanting of the 1981 T. Aman crop (lst crop). For the chemical fertilizer treatment, P and K were applied as basal doses while N was applied in 3 equal splits (1/3 basal +1/3 25 days after transplanting + 1/3 7-10 days before panicle initiation). Agronomic data were recorded at harvest and subsequently plant samples were collected for chemical analysis. The plots remained fallow during the 1982 Boro season and the 2nd crop (BR1) was grown in Aus 1982 without the application of any treatment except the NPK fertilizer treatment. Post harvest soil samples were collected for the determination of bulk density, moisture holding capacity and organic C, available P, exchangeable K, available S, and available Zn, Cu and Mn contents of the soil.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 2 (1&2): 107-112, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The application of organic matter and chemical fertilizer increased tiller and panicle production and straw and grain yields of the first crop. However, dhaincha caused excessive vegetative growth which hampered grain formation owing to mutual shading, so that the grain yield increase was minimal with dhaincha. In the subsequent crop, significantly higher grain yield over control was obtained from the plots which received organic matter in the previous crop season. The concentrations of Zn in both the soil (available) and rice straw were lower for the organic matter treatments. Relatively higher levels of exchangeable K, total N and CEC of soil were observed in the organic matter treated plots. Remarkable improvement in soil physical properties, such as, decrease in bulk density and an increase in moisture retention at field capacity were brought about by the application of dhaincha.

Knowledge Management: Journal