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Biology, Ecology and Ethology of Oligonychus Biharensis (hirst.) Infesting Common Flower Plants in Bangladesh

M. Z. R. MAJUMDER
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G. P. O. Box No. 3787, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A. D. BHUIYA
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G. P. O. Box No. 3787, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

NASREEN CHOWDHURY
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G. P. O. Box No. 3787, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The mite Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst.) is a qurantine important pest of common flower plants in Bangladesh. Laboratory rea rings of mite could be satisfactorily made on leaves of rose and a variety of wild bean. There are five definite stages in the life cycle of this mite viz. egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The life cycle is completed in about 21 days in ambient laboratory condition (25 ± 5?). This mite reproduces both sexually and asexually giving rise to female and male offsring, respectively. They are polygamous in ha bit and capable of mating instantly after emergence as adult and mating continues almost throughout their life. No remarkable differences could be ascertained in the number of eggs laid by the mated or unmated females in their life time of about 20 - 25 days in laboratory condition.

Keywords: Oligonychus biharensis, Biology, Ecology, Ethology.

Location: Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment,

Start Date: 00-04-1992

End Date: 00-06-1994

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Flower

Objectives:

To establishment of a suitable laboratory rearing technique for mites, characterization of life cycle stages including their behaviour as per-requisites for disinfestation experiments.

Methodology:

Laboratory rearing of O. biharnsis was tried with leaves of rose, zennia, sunflower and a wild variety of bean. The leaves were placed on water soaked cotton placed in Petri dishes for augmenting freshness of leaves. The wet cotton was raised throughout the edge of the leaves with the aid of a needle in order to prevent dispersal of active life stages of the pest. Water was added to the cotton after every two to three days before drying up. Egg infested leaves were placed on the cotton or pre-adult and adult males and females were transferred to fresh host leaves in laboratory rearings. Rearing leaves were needed to be replaced after about ten days owing to growth of fungi and rattening. All the life stages in the old leaves were shifted to new leaves with the help of fine needles or brushes preferably under a binocular dissecting microscope to ensure food specifically of the active life stages. Day to day developmental changes and ethological observations of the life stages were recorded under a microscope. Some life cycle stages were preserved in the Faure's modificatin of Berlese medium as prepared from a mixture of glacial acetic acid, glycerine (U. S. P.) and 70% ethyl alcohol in the ratio of 1 : 1 : 3, respectively. Permanent slides were prepared in a water based medium containing distilled water 50 ml, chloral hydrate 50 g, glycerine 50 ml and gum arabic 30 g as specified. Micrographs were made under microscope either in living condition or after permanent slide preparation. Free hand diagrams were prepared on tracing paper using indiaink. The investigation was carried out in the laboratory condition during the period from April, 1992 to June, 1994.

Source of Information: Journal of The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Science. Vol. 23, (No-1), pp: 47-56, June-1997

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The consequences of sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction i. e. production of female and male progenies, respectively also agree with the findings of Ignatowicz in propagation of Tetranychus urticae. Both mated and virgin females laid almost equal number of eggs in the laboratory condition. In T. urticae, Wrensch and Young observed that production of eggs by unmated females was slightly less than those laid by the mated females. Four previously mated females were placed on a fresh rose leaf for three days to lay eggs and subsequently produced 14 females and four males in F₁ generation. The parental females were transferred to another new rose leaf to lay eggs for another four days. From the second batch of eggs 22 females and three males were obtained in F₁ generation. Some of the eggs and pre-adult stages from the above two batches of eggs were destroyed before attaining adulthood. If the destroyed eggs and pre-adult stages of the concerned two rearing are disregarded it could be certainly assumed that sperms stored in the previously mated females were effective at least for seven days ensuring fertilization of eggs and producing more females than males as in the natural population.

Knowledge Management: Journal