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Residual Effect of Dry Tillage on Soil Properties and Yield of Rice Grown Under Different Levels of Puddling

M. I. Khalil
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box 4, Mymensingh 2200.

S. M. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box 4, Mymensingh 2200.

M. Kalimuddin
Scientific Officer
Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Bogra.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of different puddlings (wet tillage) for rice cultivation were studied following wheat having various depths (7-8, 15 and 20-22 cm) of dry tillage practices. Results indicated that zero tillage (no puddling) favoured percolation of more water and helped in persistence of porosity and water retention capacity of soil with corresponding decrease in bulk density and penetration resistance at the end of cropping season. The findings were different in case of the extent of the levels of puddling. Puddlings showed significant variations in the yield of transplant aus rice only. Two and four ploughing in the 20 cm deep tilled plots produced higher yields of transplant aus (3.45 t ha^-1) and T. aman (2.92 t ha^-1) rice, respectively although the later did not vary significantly due to puddlings. As the terrace soils have about cm hard pan below the plough layer and easily dispersed when wet, zero or minimum tillage (wet tillage or puddling) may be practiced for transplant rice followed by deep tillage for winter crop in a wheat-rice system.

Keywords: Dry tillage, Soil properties, Yield, Rice

Location: Agricultural Research Station of BARI, Bogra

Start Date: 00-00-1992

End Date:

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To study the residual effect of different dry tillage practices performed in the preceding wheat on some soil physical properties and yields of succeeding transplant aus and aman rice under defferent levels of puddling.

Methodology:

Field experiments with transplant aus (kharif-I) and transplant am an (kharif-II) rice following wheat were carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of BARI, Bogra representing grey terrace soil of Barind area. The soil belonged to Lauta series and classified as Aerie Albaquept according to USDA Taxonomy. The soil texture of the experimental field is loam in surface and clay loam to clay in sub-surface layers. Bulk density ranges from 1.36-1.51 g cm^-3 in 0-09 cm. profile under dry condition and showed a characteristic compacted layer .at 10-20 cm soil depth. Porosity and penetration resistance range from 43-49% and 1.8-4.3 kg cm^-3 , respectively. The water retention capacity of the soil at matric potentials of -10, -30 and -1500 KPa were 42.3,33.4 and 15.9 respectively in 0-90 cm profile. Studies were undertaken during 1992 with Iratom 24 and Binashail in kharif-I and kharif-II seasons, respectively. In both the seasons, puddlings were done under wet conditions in the previously tilled plots (dry tillage) of wheat. The dry tillage treatments in wheat were: conventional tillage to a depth of 7-8 cm (T₁), deep tillage to a depth of 15 cm. (T₂) and deep tillage to a depth of 20-22 cm (T₃). In the kharif-I and kharif-Il, the levels of puddling treatments were: no puddling (Po), two ploughing followed by laddering (P_I) and four ploughings followed by laddering (P₂). Weeds were removed manually from the unpuddled plots before transplanting of both T. aus and T. aman rice. Fertilizers were applied @ 83 kg N, 68 kg P₂O₅ and 5 kg K₂O for T. aus and T. aman rice. respectively as recommended by BINA. There were six replications of each treatment. Precolation was measured in the treatment plots using double ring infiltrometer at the vegetative stage up to 72 hours. The soil physical properties including bulk density, porosity and water retention capacity were determined using standard methods after harvest of T. aman rice. Penetration resistance was measured up to 60 cm soil depth after harvest of T. aman rice using pocket penetrometer (range 0-4.5 kg cm ). Grain and straw yields of both the crops were recorded by crop cutting experiments covering an area of 3 m x 2 m.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Agriculture. Vol: 13, pp: 45-52, 1997

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings, in general, showed that the different levels of puddling had no breakthrough in the production of either transplant aus or aman rice in the previously dry tilled winter crops.Zero puddling produced more or less similar yield of rice and the findings are supported that puddling reduced percolation losses of water and nutrients. In addition, if weed control is not a severe problem for crop establishment, zero or minimurn puddling (or tillage) may produce comparable rice yields in the easily dispersed soil like present experimental terrace soils of Bogra. The soil which has impermeable layer below the plough depth limiting water permeability, would upon deep tillage facilitate deeper root proliferation and nutrients uptake. More so, problems of drought power may be minimized through deep tillage using tractor/power tiller under dry condition only once in the winter season followed zero or minimum puddling in the succeeding rice crops. Further long term research is, however, imperative to conclude the findings and disseminate the same as sustainable technology in the problem area

Knowledge Management: Journal