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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Urea Hydrolysis and Nitrogen Content of Urea Treated Straw

M.S. Zaman
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chopped barley straw was ensiled for 21 days in plastic-cups after treatment with mixtures of calcium hydroxide and urea or sodium hydroxide and urea using 0.9 litre water/kg straw dry matter (DM). A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial trial was used to investigate two alkalis. each of three levels. with three levels of urea Control treatment involved 15, 30 and 45 g urea per kg straw DM. Ensiled straw was examined for mould, chemically analysed (pH. unhydrolysed urea and nitrogen) and assessed for organic matter digestibility (OMD) in vitro. Ensiled straw was found to be apparently mould free. It was also found that increasing the level of calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide with urea treatment of straw urea hydrolysis was inhibited and nitrogen content was increased compared to control urea-alone treatment. There was no benefit of adding urea with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide for OMD in vitro.

Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide, Urea hydrolysis, Nitrogen content, Urea treatment, Straw

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fodder

Objectives:

In his study straws were treated with different levels of Ca(OH)₂ and urea and ensiled at different temperatures. Because of the latter it was difficult to ascertain the effect of levels of Ca(OH)₂ on urea.

Methodology:

Chopped barley straw was treated with a mixture of Ca(OH)₂+ urea or NaOH + urea using. 0.9 litre water per kg straw OM. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial trial was used to investigate the effects of two alkalis (Ca(OH)₂ and NaOH) each of three levels (30, 60 and 90 g per kg straw OM with three levels of urea (15. 30 and 46 g urea per kg straw OM). Control treatments involved 15, 30 and 45 g urea per kg straw OM with 0.9 litre water per kg straw OM. Appropriate of chemical solution or suspension were poured on to straw and thoroughly mixed by hand. After mixing straw was transferred Into 8 plastic cup (100 g treated straw per cup). Cups were closed with plastic lids and finally sealed using a percel tape. Cups were stored In controlled incubators. After ensiling plastic-cup silos were opened. Samples were taken for pH measurement and remaining samples were dried in the freeze-dryer milled and analyzed for unhydrolyzed urea. nitrogen content and determined OMO in vitro. pH of straw samples was measured after soaking straw with distilled water for one hour and then measurement was taken using pH meter (Javasurlva.1974). Nitrogen content of straw was determined oolorornetrically (Crooke and Simpson. 1971) on an autoanalyzer after acid digestion. Urea was extracted from the freeze-dried straw sample with 0.02M HCI and determined spectrophotometrically with Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (MAFF. 1972). Digestibility in vitro was determined according to two- stage technique of Tilley and Terry (1963). Data were analysed in two ways. First, as 21 treatments in a completely randomized design and second as 18 treatments in a factorial trial. The second method excluded the control treatments.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J, Agril. Sci 17 (1):59-63: January, 1990

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Increasing the level of Ca (OH)₂ or NaOH with urea for treatment of straw urea hydrolysis was decreased. In the present study reported that pH of the treated straw was higher than 7.0 due to Ca(OH)₂ or NaOH treatment that inhibited urease activity. Urea hydrolysis is important in the Ca(OH) + urea or NaOH + urea treatment of straw, because if urea hydrolysis does not take place, a high amount of urea will remain in the straw and this could be harmful when the straw is fed to animals.

Knowledge Management: Journal