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Induction of Bold-podded and Mutants in Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.) and Their Yield Performance

M. F. U. Mia
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh.

M. A. Q. Shaikh
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Q. N. Ahmad
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Dry seeds of DA-1, a spanish type groundnut variety were irradiated with 10-30 KR of gamma rays and another set was treated with 0.2% - 0.5% ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and 20 mutant families were developed having bolder pods and bolder seeds than DA-1 EMS treatment induced more bold-podded mutants than gamma rays. Only the lower to medium doses of both the mutagenic treatments produced these bold-podded mutants. The true-breeding nature of 20 mutants in the M₃ and M₄ generations suggested that the mutant gene (s) governing pod size became recessive from dominant and also became homozygous in M₂. Mean number of developed pods/plant in the mutants ranged from 16 to 19 compared to 23 in the parental cultivar, DA-1. The ranges of 100-pod and 100-seed weights were 108-115 and 41-48 g, respectively compared to DA-1 having 81 g and 27 g, respectively. Two mutants recorded as high as 35% improvement in pod weight (pod-size) over the control. Despite a reduced number of developed pods/plant, the mutants showed considerable improvement in pod yield/plant (20-25 g) compared to DA-1 (17 g) due to pod and seed weight increases. Since large seeded groundnut fetches higher price due to consumer preference, one or two of these mutants are expected to be released as varieties after collecting the relevant agronomic data including yield/unit area.

Keywords: Groundnut, Yield, Performance

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To induction of mutations and isolation of bold-podded and bold-seeded progenies.

Methodology:

The seeds of the commercial cultivar DA-1 with a moisture content of 8% were treated with 10,20 and 30 KR doses of ⁶⁰Co gamma rays and, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% concentrations for EMS. 3000 seeds were treated with each dose of the physical and chemical mutagen and the M₁ generation was grown. About 10,000 M2 plants were grown from each treatment doses and out of about 70,000 M₂ plants, a total of 200 putative mutants were isolated on the basis of pod and seed sizes. Seeds of the selected M₂ plant were grown in plant -progeny rows in M₃ and M₄ generations, successively. A set of equal number of untreated seeds were grown similarly in each generation. The crops were grown under rainfed condition in all the generations and years. Standard doses of fertilizers i.e 30 : 70 : 50 : 22 kg NPKS/ha were applied and cultural practices were followed as and when necessary. Observations on 10 competitive plants of each mutant family in the M₃ and M₄ generations recorded were : number of developed pods/plant, 100-pods weight and pods yield/plant. Mean, standard error on sample population mean and Parson's correlation coefficients (r) were computed and 't' test was applied between the mutants and the control.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Agriculture. Vol: 12, pp: 61-71, 1996

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is evident that all the mutants, on an average, had a significant increase in pod size, seed size and yield/plant. In contrast, number of pods/plant in all the mutants was considerably lower than the control. Simple correlation coefficients between pairs of characters reveal that pod size is significantly and positively correlated with pod yield/plant, negatively correlated with pod number/plant and . again positively related with seed size, the latter two relationship being non- significant. The negative relationship between pod size and number is a common feature in many crops, e.g. Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus tingitanus and Cicer arietinum

Knowledge Management: Journal