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Water Utilization in a Selected Tubewell Project in Bangladesh

M. A Sattar
Agriculture Engineering Division. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Gazipur. Bangladesh

S. I. Bhuiyan
Agriculture Engineering Division. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Gazipur. Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field study was conducted in 10 selected tube wells of the Thakurgaon Tube well Project, Bangladesh, during the 1982 dry season. The study determined the optimum water requirement of wheat which is the major dry season crop, quantified the discharge capacities of the tube wells, estimated the seepage and percolation losses in the main and field channels during conveyance, documented the current water management practices by farmers and assessed the possible effect of improved scheduling over current practices with respect to productive utilization of water. The optimum water requirement for wheat was about 240 of water applied in 4 irrigation, the first one 20 days after seeding and the subsequent ones at 15 days intervals. The average measured discharge of the 10 tube wells was less by about 12% than their average design discharge. The mean water loss rate in conveyance was 68 I/h per m² of wet area in the earthen field channels. The use of tube well water during the 1982 dry season was only 11% of the tube well's combined command area. An estimate was made of the practically irrigation area from the tube wells of wheat assuming that water is to be allocated and distributed in the service area in three blocks, head middle and tail, using a block-wise rotational method. It shows that with the current status of maintenance of the canals, the service area per unit of tube well discharge capacity could be increased 2.5 to 10 times when pumping is done at an average of 4 to 16 h per day during the season.

Keywords: Water, Tubeweel, Dry season

Location: Thakurgaon Tubewell Project were selected.

Start Date: 25-12-1981

End Date: 13-04-1982

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

i) To establish water requirement of the major dry season crop for the project area; ii) to measure the existing discharge capacity of the selected tube- wells; iii) to determine for the selected tube wells water losses due to see- page and percolation in the conveyance network; and iv) to record current water management practices of the farmers and assess the possible effect of improved scheduling over current practices with respect to productive utilization of tube well water.

Methodology:

Ten tube wells of the Thakurgaon Tube well Project were selected for the study. Their locations within the project area. Tube- well No. 116 was selected for establishing the water requirements for wheat the most important crop in the dry season. Discharge was measured for each of the 10 tube wells. Similarly, canal losses in both the lined main canals and earthen field channels were measured for the same tube wells. Four tube- wells (No. 47, 347, 130 and 141) were selected for determining water management practices such as water use for head, middle and tail parts of main canal, accounting the actual area irrigated and the number of h the pumps operated during the season. A field experiment was conducted during the 1982 dry season for determining the water requirement of wheat as well as the optimum schedule of irrigation. The Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with six treatments each replicated three times, was used for the experiment. The treatments were: (i) T_o=without irrigation; (ii) T₁, = one irrigation at 20 Days After Sowing (DAS); (iii) T₂=two irrigation at 20 and 35 DAS; (iv) T₃=three irrigation at 20,35 and 50 DAS; (v) T₄=four irrigation at 20,35,50 and 65 DAS and (vi) T₅, = five irrigation at 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 DAS. Rain fall during the season were measured by plastic rain gauge. Water applied for irrigation to each experimental plot was measured with the aid of a 90° V-notch. The Individual plot size was 4m x 5m. N, P and K fertilizer doses were applied at the rate of 80, 60 and 40 kg/ha. The date of sowing and harvesting were December 25, 1981 and April 13, 1982, respectively. The selected wheat variety was 'Sonalika' which is the most popular high yielding wheat variety among the local farmers.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture. Vol: 10 (No-1), pp: 23-33, 1985

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mean water loss rate in conveyance was 68 I/h per m² of wet area in the earthen field channels. The use of tube well water during the 1982 dry season was only 11% of the tube well's combined command area. An estimate was made of the practically irrigation area from the tube wells of wheat assuming that water is to be allocated and distributed in the service area in three blocks, head middle and tail, using a block-wise rotational method. It shows that with the current status of maintenance of the canals, the service area per unit of tube well discharge capacity could be increased 2.5 to 10 times when pumping is done at an average of 4 to 16 h per day during the season.

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