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Water Use by Maize as Influenced by Soil Types Under Varying Levels of Nitrogen

Z. Karim
Soil Physics Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. J. M. S. Karim
Soil Physics Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Rahman
Soil Physics Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S.A. Malik
Soil Physics Section, Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment on water use by maize was conducted in three different types of soils: for two years in Calcareous Floodplain Soil (Jessore), one year in Grey Terrace Soil (Gazipur), and Grey Floodplain Soil (Jamal pur). Irrigation treatments varied based on soil moisture level and evapotranspiration demand of maize; in Gazipur three treatments were 2, 4 and 6 irrigation and in Jamalpur and Jessore I, 2 and 3 irrigation were applied in addition to a rainfed treatment. N levels were 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N/ha. Split plot design was used with irrigation in the main plot and nitrogen in the subplot. Nitrogen response was significant in all three soils; up to 120 kg N/ha in Grey Floodplain Soil and Calcareous Floodplain Soil and up to 160 kg N/ha in Grey Terrace Soil. The yield of maize was much higher in Silty loam Calcareous Floodplain (6.85 t/ha) and Grey Floodplain Soils (6.22 t/ha) than in clay loam Grey Terrace Soil (3.91 t/ha). For all locations Water Use Efficiency (WUE) was decreased with increasing irrigation but increased with increasing levels of nitrogen. Maximum water use efficiency varied for different soils; 165.4 kg/ha/cm in Calcareous Floodplain Soil with 200 kg N/ha applying 50 mm water in I irrigation, 172.8 kg/ha/cm at Grey Floodplain Soil with 160 kg N/ha applying 50 mm water in I irrigation and 80.9 kg/ha/cm at Grey Terrace Soil with 200 kg /ha applying 57 mm water in 2 irrigation. The WUE was reduced in Jessore from 147 kg/ha/cm to 57.99 kg/ha/cm by additional 168.4 mm rainfall in 1981-82.

Keywords: Water, Maize, Soil, Nitrogen

Location: BARI central farm.

Start Date: 00-00-1979

End Date: 00-00-1980

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Maize

Objectives:

To find out optimum utilization of water and nitrogen, a study was initiated at Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur during 1979-80 and yield obtained was lower than the potential yields, inspite of balance application of N-fertilizer and water.

Methodology:

This experiment was first conducted in the Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur, BARI central farm during rabi season of 1979-80. It was repeated for two years ('80-81, '81-82) in Calcareous Floodplain Soil (RARS, Jessore) and for one year ('81-82) in Grey Floodplain Soil (RARS, Jamalpur). Split plot design with 3 replications were used to compare the nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Each plot consisted of six rows, 5m in length, with 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants in the rows. Irrigation levels were assigned to the main plot, and nitrogen levels to the subplot. The variety 'Sadaf" was the test crop in all the experiments. The soil properties and crop management factors of the specific locations are presented. Based on soil moisture status and evapotranspiration demand of maize irrigation treatments were selected. For the Gazipur experiment 2, 4 and 6 irrigation were given and for Jessore and Jamalpur experiment I, 2 and 3 irrigation were applied. In Jessore and Jamalpur a rainfed treatment was included but in Gazipur no rainfed treatments was possible. Urea was used to supply nitrogen at the rates of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N/ha. One-third of the nitrogen along with 80 kg P₂O₅ and 60 kg K₂O ha were broad casted and incorporated in the soil before planting. The remainder of nitrogen was applied in two equal splits at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Rainfall for all the locations were measured by standard raingauze. Measured amount of irrigation water was applied by calibrated hosepipe. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric method.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture. Vol: 10 (No-2), pp: 37-45, April-June 1985

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on soil moisture status and evapotranspiration demand of maize irrigation treatments were selected. For the Gazipur experiment 2, 4 and 6 irrigation were given and for Jessore and Jamalpur experiment I, 2 and 3 irrigation were applied. In Jessore and Jamalpur a rainfed treatment was included but in Gazipur no rainfed treatments was possible. Details of irrigation treatments for specific locations are presented.

Knowledge Management: Journal