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Screening of French Bean Genotypes for Drought Tolerance in Bangladesh

A. K. Choudhury
On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. A. Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman; Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. M. Haque
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman; Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Q. A. Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

J. U. Ahmed
Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

M. M. Hossain
Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Forty six French bean genotypes were screened against drought stress imposed by withholding water until appearance of wilting. The objective of this study was to identify drought tolerance genotype(s) under drought stress conditions in Bangladesh. The efficiency indexes that were used are the geometric mean (GM), the drought susceptibility index (DSI) and the relative performance (RP). With GM values >8.0 g plant/plant, genotypes BB24, BB43 and BB45 had the highest values, whereas BB04, BB08 and BB01 had the lowest. BB24, BB43 and BB36 also showed the highest values of relative yield (RY) and the lowest values of DSI, while BB04 and BARI bushbean-2 exhibited the lowest values of RY and the highest values of DSI. The GM seed yield showed the strongest correlation with seed yield in drought stress (r = 0.95") followed by RY (r =0.90") and DSI (r = -0.90"). Among the 12 different plant characters, five were correlated with yield under drought stress, however, only total above ground biomass (TDM) contributed significantly to the step-wise regression model to predict yield. The GM seed yield followed by RY and DSI; and TDM are important criteria for selecting drought tolerance of French bean. Among the 46 genotypes of French bean, five genotypes viz. BB24, BB43, BB36, BB45 and BB41 were found as relatively drought tolerant considering the studied different parameters.

Keywords: Screening, French bean, Drough stress, Yield

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-11-2005

End Date: 00-02-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: French bean

Objectives:

To identify drought stress tolerant French bean genotypes by screening from a lot of 46 French bean genotypes.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Environmental Stress Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2005 to February 2006. A total of 46 French bean genotypes were evaluated in this study. Soil used in the plastic pot was sandy loam. Plastic pots of 30 cm x 24 cm in size were used in the experiment. Pre-soaked six healthy seeds per pot were sown on 17 November 2005. Most of the seedlings emerged within 3-4 days after sowing. Seedlings were thinned out after one week of emergence keeping two healthy seedlings of uniform growth in each pot. Optimum soil moisture conditions were maintained for the seedling growth. One day before the water stress treatment started (14 days after emergence), 500 ml of water was applied to each pot so that the soil moisture content of all plants were equal. Drought stress (DS) was induced by withholding water completely. The treatment was continued until symptom of wilting persisted throughout the night. After that they were re-watered to 50% field capacity. During the treatment period, wilting symptom was visually observed every day. In non-stress (NS) treatment, water was applied when it was needed. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (factorial) with four replications (two plants per pot considered as one replication). Admire @ 0.5 ml litre^-1was sprayed to protect leaf hopper as a vector of Bean Mosaic Virus. The pots were kept weed free throughout the growing season. Plant height was considered as the height from ground level to the largest leaf of the plant. At the final harvest the number of primary branches was recorded. Length of pods was measured using a centimeter scale. After harvesting, the plants of both drought-stressed and non-stressed were segmented into components i.e. stem, leaf, petiole, root, and reproductive organs. The segmented parts were then oven dried at 70⁰C to constant weight and the dry weights were taken. Total dry matter (TDM) was calculated by summing up the dry weights of stem, leaf, petiole and reproductive parts of plants. Yield and yield contributing characters viz. number of pods/ plant, number of seeds/ pod and 100-seed weight were measured. Relative performance of number of pods/ plant, 100-seed weight and yield of 46 French bean genotypes were calculated by using the following formula, Relative performance (RP) = (Value of a plant character under drought stress condition /Value of that character under non stress condition).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2012, 15 (1): 81-90 , ISSN 1013-1922

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Genotypes viz. BB24, BB43, BB45, BB41 and BB36 showed a high degree of tolerance to drought stress.

Knowledge Management: Journal