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Evaluation of Different Methods of Urfa Application and Weed Control Measures for Maximizing Boro Rice Productmty

M. A. Haque
lntemational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CSISA-BD, Rangpur Hub

M. S. Hossain
Intemational Rice Research Institute IRRI, CSISA-BD, Rangpur Hub

M. M. Ali
Society for UDDOG, Dinajpur

M. A. Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at Agronomy field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during Boro season 2011-2012. Moderately saline, drought and cold tolerant rice variety BRRI dhan55 was used. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design where weed control measures were assigned in main- plot and methods of urea application in sub-plot. Weed control measures consisting of 4 treatments: herbicide + 1 hand weeding (HW), Japanese rice weeder (JRW) + IHW, 2 hand weeding (2HW) and no weeding (check) and methods of urea application were as urea super granule (USG) placement by BAR I guti urea applicator, USG placement by hand, M3 = prilled urea (PU) application based on leaf color chart (LCC) and PU application based on BRRI recommended rate. The major weed species Cynodon dactylon and Scirpus supinus were found at 30 days after transplanting (DAT and Cyperus diformis at 60 DAT. The treatment herbicide + 1 hand weeding was the best weed control method which produced the highest grain yield and reduced labor cost 65-66% for weeding compared to other treatment. USG gave 33-48% higher grain yield than PU and saved 83-90 kg urea ha-1 which was 32-34% lowers than BRRI recommended rate. USG placement by hand produced 11% more grain yield than placement by BARI guti urea applicator. LCC based urea application saved 23% urea compare to BRRI recommended rate. The interaction of herbicide + 1 hand weeding along with USG produced the highest grain yield due to higher tillers and panicles per m², less sterility percent and maximum 1000-grain weight.

Keywords: Urea application method, Weed control, Boro rice

Location: Agronomy field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine an efficient method of urea application and weed control and their interaction to maximize Boro rice productivity.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted at Agronomy field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during Boro season 2011-2012. Moderately saline, drought and cold tolerant rice variety BRRI dhan55 was used. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design where weed control measures assigned in main plot and methods of urea application in sub-plot. Two factors were considered where weed control measures (W) consisting of 4 treatments as W₁= weed control by herbicide (Pyrazo sulfuron ethyl as super power 10WP) + 1 hand weeding (HW), W₂ = weed control by Japanese rice weeder (1 time) +IHW, W₃ = 2 hand weeding (HW) and W4 = no weeding (control) and methods of urea application (M) consisting of 4 treatments asM₁ = USG placement by BARI guti urea applicator, M₂ = USG placement by hand, M₃ = prilled urea (PU) application based on LCC and M₄ = PU application based on BRRI recommended rate. The seeds were soaked on 18 December 2011 for 24 hours and then sprouted seeds were sown @ 80g m^-2 in well puddled seedbed on 23 December 2011. Forty-five days old seedlings were transplanted with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm having 2 seedlings hill^-Ion 5 February 2012. According to the BRRI recommended fertilizers such as triple super phosphate (TSP) , muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied at the rate of 97, 120, 112, and 11 kg ha^-I, respectively. Full TSP, 2/3 MoP, 2/3 gypsum and full zinc sulphate were applied as basal. Remaining 1/3 MoP and 1/3 gypsum was top dressed at 35 days after transplanting (DAT). BARI developed guti urea applicator was used for USG placement at 10 DAT in all M _I plots. Mega sized USG (2.7g) used with a little standing water condition. Same sized USG was placed by hand in the middle point of each alternate 4 hills at 10 DAT for all M₂ plots. Estimated amount of USG converted in hectare. PU was applied @ 67.4 kg ha! based on critical value of Lee as 3.5 or <3.5 at 10 days interval starting from 20 DAT to booting stage for all M₃ plots where total urea was 202.5 kg ha! in three times on 25 February 2012, 14 March 2012 and 15 April 2012. PU was applied in M₄ plots as per BRRI recommended rate (262.0 kg ha^-I) in three equal splits at 20, 35 and 50 DAT. Super power 10WP was applied @ 150 g ha! at 12 DAT with 5 cm standing water condition for all WI plots. Then one additional hand weeding was done at 60 DA T. Japanese rice weeder (JRW) was run between the lines and also a supplementary hand weeding was done to remove the weeds in between the plants at 30 DA T. Later on one additional hand weeding was done at 60 DAT for all W₂ plots. Two times weeding were done by hand at 30 and 60 DAT for W₃. No weeding was done for all W₄ plots to keep as control plot. The experimental plots were irrigated separately in same date as per necessary. Weed samples were collected from 0.25 m² in each plot with the help of a quadrant at 30 and 60 DAT. The weed control efficiency (WCE) and summed dominance ratio (SDR) of different weed control treatments were calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2013, 16(2): 1-8, ISSN 1013-1922

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Herbicide + One hand weeding (W ₁) was the best weed control method which produced the highest grain yield among the weed control measures and reduced the number of labor and labor cost 65-66% compare to W₃ or W₂. The yield losses percent due to weeds were found to be ranged from 34 - 47%. Urea super granule gave 33 - 48 % higher grain yield than prilled urea. USG also saved 83-90 kg urea ha! which was 32-34% lower than BRRI recommended rate. USG application by hand produced 11% more grain yield than USG applied by machine. Lee based urea application saved 23% urea compares to BRRI recommended rate. The combination of W_I x M₂ produced the highest grain yield among the combinations due to highest tillers and panicles per m², low sterility percent and maximum 1000-grain weight. From this study it can be concluded that herbicide with additional hand weeding was the cost effective weed control method and application of USG was better option than PU urea and use of USG plus herbicide was better interaction for achievement of high yield goal of Bora rice production. Hand placement of USG . was technically more sound than applicator due to proper placement of USG in middle point of 4 each hills with proper depth and distance that ensure higher yield. On the other hand, machine had problem for USG dropping in right place and somewhere missing was done that cause non- uniform distribution. As resulting some plants were suffered in nitrogen deficiency which lowers the yield of rice. Machine is easier, cost effective and time saving technology but further improvement is needed for USG for proper placement.

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