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Effects of Salinity on Growth and Accumulation of Na+, K+ and Ci Maize (zea Mays)

Farida Begum
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Bimal Chandra Sarker
Department of Botany, Noakhali Govt. College, Noakhali.

Sirajul Hoque
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

From the Result is is also appeared that accumulations of Na⁺ and C1^- in root were more than that of shoot. the transport of Na⁺ and C1^- ions from root to shoot was not that much compared to the total absorption of ions. It may therefore, be assumed that though the plants accumulated excess amounts of Na⁺ and C1^- which were stored in the root, only samll aount of these toxic ions were transported to the shoot and thus helped the plant to survive. Effects of NaCl salinity (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 mM) on germination and vigour indices of BARI Maize-5 has been studied . Salinity due to 25-100 mM NaCl did not affect very much the germination of maize seeds. A detrimental effect on germination was observed at higher salinity levels (200 to 300 mM). Vigour indices as well as growth of maize decreased with the increase in salinity level. Na⁺ and Cl contents in root and shoot increased progressively with the increase in NaCl concentration whereas, K⁺ content decreased. Excess amounts of Na+ and Cl- were stored in the root system while appreciable amount of K+ was retained in the shoot.

Keywords: Maize, Salinity, Ion uptake, Na+, K+ and Cl

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity, Maize

Objectives:

To find out the effect of salinity on germination and growth of maize and distributions of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl- in root and shoot.

Methodology:

Seeds of maize cv. BARI Maize-5 were collected through the courtesy of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Germination test was carried out in Petri dishes containing 25 seeds with four replications. Seven milliliter of each of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl solutions along with 0.1 mM CaS0₄ was added to each Petri dish. To observe the effect of salinity on growth and accumulation of ions, another experiment was set up in sand culture. Quartz sand was collected and purified by washing with concentrated HCl acid and finally with deionized water. Plants were grown in pots containing 12 Kg purified sand in greenhouse following RCBD. Half strength Hoagland solution was used as nutrient solution. Only one treatment (100 mM NaCl) with ten replicates was used in this experiment. Plants grown only in nutrient solution was considered as control. Plants were grown for 45 days in sand culture. Growth in terms of dry weight and accumulation of ions were observed. Plant samples were partitioned into root and shoot and dried at 70°C till a constant weight was reached. Ions were extracted by boiling the dried tissues in distilled water for one hour. Amounts of Na⁺ and K⁺ were measured by Flame photometer.(2) Amount of Cl- was measured by titration with AgN0₃. Vigour indices (I) and (II) were computed as suggested by Baki and Anderson and Powell and Mathews, respectively.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 9(2) : 193-198, 2000 (July), ISSN 1021-2484

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the result it is also appeared that accumulations of Na⁺ and Cl^- in root were more than that of shoot. The transport of Na⁺ and Cl^-ions from root to shoot was not that much compared to the total absorption of ions. It may therefore, be assumed that though the plants accumulated excess amounts of Na+ and Cl^- which were stored in the root, only small amount of these toxic ions were transported to the shoot and thus helped the plant to survive. It is further seen that though the content of K⁺ ion decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration, the long distance transport of K+ was more in the case of 100 mM NaCl treated plants which probably helped the plants in prolonging life. The result also revealed that salinity did not affect the rate of germination up to 50 mM NaCl. Most of the seeds began to germinate after 72 hours of setting where 0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl solutions were used. At 100 mM NaCl only 27% seeds were germinated after 72 hours. Though 100 mM NaCl delayed the germination, it did not have appreciable effect on the final germination. The final germination rate observed was 65% as compared to control, when counting was done after 96 hours and was 88% when counting was done after 120 hours. It was also observed that only 10% seeds started to germinate at 200 mM NaCl concentration. A decrease in the germination of seeds under salinity was also recorded with rice, wheat(5,6l, barley and triticale. BARI Mazie-5 seems to store excess amount of Na⁺ and Cl^- ions in the root than shoot and maintained a good concentration of K⁺ in the shoot for its normal physiological activity.

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