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Investigation Into the Definitive Hosts Responsible for Schistosome Dermatitis in Bangladesh

K.S. ISLAM
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A.M.O. HASAN
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. NAHAR
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In order to find out the definitive hosts responsible for transmission of schistosome dermatitis in Bangadesh, 150 water birds belonging to the families, Anatidae, Phasianidae, Podicipedidae, Ardeilidac, Motacillidac, Jacanidae and Nettapididae were examined. Species of birds were: Anas platyrhynchos domesticus (domestic duck). Anas poecilorhyncha (spotbill). Anas clypeata (Shoveller), Anas acuta (pintail), Anas querquedula (gargany or bluewinged teal), Anas crecca (common teal), Anas strepera(gadwall), Porphyrio porphyria (purple moorhen), Podiceps ruficollis (little grebe or dabchick). Dendrocygna javanica (lesser whistling teal), Ardeola grayii (paddy bird or pond heron), Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret), Motacilla alba (white wagtail), Metopidius indicus (bronzewinged jacana). Nettapus coromandelianus (cotton teal), Amaurorhis phoenicurus (whitebreasted waterhen), Tringa hypoleucos (common sandpiper)' Vanellus malabaricus (yellow-wattled lapwing) and Anastomus oscitans (openbilled stork). Amongst these, 19 (13 domestic duck), 2 (pintail teal), 1 (spotbill). 1 (shoveller), 1 (heron) and 1 (common teal) were positive (12.6%) to avain schistosome of the genus Trichobilharzia. Miracidia collected from eggs of schistosomes of infected birds exposed to 25 laboratory-bred Lymnaea auricularia var rufescens developed into cercariae in 66.7% snails. Shedding of cercariae occurred from 20 to 30 days with a mean of 25 days. Cercariae from the infected snails developed into adult schistosomes in experimental Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) between 10 and 15 days with a mean of 12 days.

Keywords: Definitive hosts, Schistosome, Dermatitis.

Location: Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

To find out the natural definitive hosts responsible for the tansmission of schistosome dermititis in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

One hundred fifty water birds were collected from different localities of the Mymensingh district where schistosome dermatitis is known to exist. These birds were killed. Liver, lungs, spleen, heart and kidney were teased apart in saline individually in glass beakers. Mesentery was separated from intestine in normal saline and kept in incubator at 40°C for an hour. After an hour all teased organs and mesentery were taken out of the saline and sediment was examined under sterescopic microscope for the presence of worms. Entire procedure of collection of worms, teasing, incubation, sedimentation and examination were repeated 2-3 times to assure that no worms were left. Pressed tissue from liver was examined under the microscope for the presence of eggs of worms. Eggs are usually found in the liver tissues and intestinal mucosa. For collection of miracidia, livers and intestinal mucosal pieces of infected ducks were minced with a grinder in a plastic beaker with normal saline and sieved. Minced tissue was further mixed with saline, thoroughly stirred and sieved. Entire procedure was repeated 2-3 times. Fluid collected was allowed to sediment for at least half an hour, the supernatant was siphoned off and the sediment was examined for the presence of eggs under the sterescopic microscope. Eggs usually do not hatch in saline. These were then transferred to tap water where they hatched immediately after coming in contact with water. Miracidia were found moving along the edge of water of the dish. These miracidia were subsequently used to infect gastropod Iymnaeid snails.

Source of Information: BAU Res. Prog. 7: 482-487; 1993

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It appears that domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) were infected at the rate of 14.9% with avain schistosome belonging to the genus Trichobilharzia. One spotbill (Anas poecilorhyncha). one shoveller (Anas clvpeata). two pintail (Anas scuta). one common teal (Anas crecca) and one heron (Ardeolagrayii) were positive to Trichobilharzia infection too. Out of 150 water birds 19 birds were positive to avain schistosome, Trichobilharzia. Thus overall rate of infection was 12.6%.ln this investingation most of the infected birds belonged to family Anatidae.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings