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Yield, Yield Componets and Plant Characters of Several Bitter Gourd, Ribbed Gourd, Bottle Gourd and Sweet Gourd Genotypes

M. M. RAHMAN
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh.

S. K. DEY
Department of Genetics and Plant Breening, BAU, Mymensingh.

M. WAZUDDIN
Department of Genetics and Plant Breening BAU, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Several genotypes of each of bitter gourd (Moamordica cherentie), ribbed gourd (Luffa acutanqula), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata) were evaluated for their yield/plant, yield-contributing and vine characters. In all of them male flowering was earlier than female flowering. Significant variations were observed for different characters, such as days to flowering, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit breadth, weight per fruit etc. among the genotypes of bitter gourd. sweet gourd and ribbed gourd. Vine length varied highly significantly for sweet gourd and bitter gourd genotypes while ribbed gourd genotypes did not show significant variations for this character. Bitter gourd genotypes showed highly significant variations for yield/plant indicating wider scope of selection. Yield/plant for sweet gourd genotypes could not be recorded because of natural hazards. Ten bottle gourd genotypes were evaluated in non-replicated plots. However, the fruit characters showed prominent variations in respect of their sizes, i.e, length, breadth and weight per fruit and the color of edible fruits.

Keywords: Genotypes, Polyploidization, Chromosome

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-1987

End Date: 00-00-1988

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sweet gourd, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Ridge gourd

Objectives:

To study the variabilities among several cucurbits collected from various parts of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experiment 1. Evaluation of bitter gourd germplasms : Six selfed and six open-pollinated genotypes collected in the previous year (Annual Report, 1987-88) com- prising five 'Karla' and one 'Uccheya' lines were raised in the field in a split- plot design with three replications with the genotypes in the main plots and the selfed and open lines in the sub plots maintaining plant to plan t and row to row spacing of 2.0m and 2.lm respectively. There were 60 cm drains between rows. Seven plants in a row represented a genotype in each replication. The middle five plants were studied. Fertilizers used were at the rates of 10,000 Kg of cow dung, 300Kg of mustard cake, 100 Kg of T.S.P., 100 Kg of urea, and 70Kg of M.P. per he tare. The half of cow dung, mustard cake and T. S. P. were applied during final land preparation and the rest half in the pits ( 50 x 50 x 50 em) 15 days before planting. The seeds were soaked for 24h and allowed to germinate in the petridishes. The sprouted seeds were plan- ted in small pots (7 cm high). The seedlings were transferred to the field after 15 days of sowing. Standard inter -cultural practices including watering the field, erecting supports for every plants etc. were followed to raise the crop. Flood irrigation was given at the fruiting stage. Rice polish and molasses mixed with dimecron and a little water was applied around the young plants to control the cutworms. Dimecron was also sprayed as when necessary. Plant characters like days required for opening of first male and female flowers of each plant, vine length be- fore yellowing of the plants, number of internodes per main vine, internode length and number of branches per main vine, were studied. Yield / plant length of 10 mature fruits and their maximum breadths and weight(g) were recorded. The fruits were harvested when they became pale colored one or two days before ripening. Experiment II. Evaluation of seven rib- bed gourd genotypes: The seven local collections of the previous year were grown in a randomized block design with two replications. Spacing, fertilization, cultural operations and data recording were similar to those of experiment-I. The fruits were harvested when they attained optimum size except that the ones for seed purpose were harvested when they were phvsiologically ripe. Experiment III. Prelirninery essesment of ten bottle gourd genotypes: Three plants for each of ten bottle gourd genotypes collected recently from different parts of Mymensingh, Boqra, Joypurhat and Rangpur were raised without replication. The seedlings obtained following experiment were planted on 18m long raised beds of two meter breadth at a plant to plant spacing of three meters. The pit sizes were 60x60x60 cm. Fertilization, inter- cultural operations and data recording were similar to those of experiment, For getting sufficient selted seeds, all the fruits were harvested when they were physiologically mature. Experiment IV Evaluation of 12 sweet gourd genotypes: Twelve sweet gourd lines having different fruit shapes and sizes were grown in three replications in a randomized block design. Three plants in a line represented a replication and all the plants were studied leaving the extra border plants. Spacing, fertilization, cultural operations, harvest- ing and data recording were similar to those of experiment III. For contrailing fruit fly, diazinon 50 E. C. was applied at the concentration of 0.05% active ingredients once in every three days for about three weeks following opening of the female flowers. Theovit was sprayed @ 1.25 Kg/ha for controlling powdery mildew. Experiment V. Polyploidization of bitter gourd. Seeds of one 'karla' line were soaked on 30-3-89 following surface sterilization with murcuric chloride solution. After 24h the seed coats were removed and the seeds were allowed to germinate in petridish. The germinating seeds were given two concentrations of colchicine (0.15 and 0.25%) and three durations ( 4h, 6h and 8h). Twenty seeds were used for each treatment. Following treatments the seeds were thoroughly washed with distilled water and left in the laboratory for few days. About 2-3cm long seedlings were planted in small polythene bags. Culture I operations were similar to those of experiment-l. Acetocarmine technique was used for pollen grain studies at the pollen shedding stage. Five random fields were chosen, each having at least twenty grains, for scoring pollen g rain sterility of the diploid and the treated plants. Pollen grain diameter was measured for 50 fertile grains of each plant which was then converted into volume.

Source of Information: Proc. BAU Res. Progress 1990 : 117-127

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Significant variations were observed for different characters, such as days to flowering, number of fruits, fruit length, fruit breadth, weight per fruit etc. among the genotypes of bitter gourd. sweet gourd and ribbed gourd. Vine length varied highly significantly for sweet gourd and bitter gourd genotypes while ribbed gourd genotypes did not show significant variations for this character. Bitter gourd genotypes showed highly significant variations for yield/plant indicating wider scope of selection. Yield/plant for sweet gourd genotypes could not be recorded because of natural hazards. Ten bottle gourd genotypes were evaluated in non-replicated plots. However, the fruit characters showed prominent variations in respect of their sizes, i.e, length, breadth and weight per fruit and the color of edible fruits.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings