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Bio Control of Fusarium Oxysporum F Sp. Lycopersici Through Trichoderma

Dr. Hosne-Ara Begum
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202

Dr. Md. Bahadur Meah
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was undertaken to find out the potentiality of antagonistic fungi against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici the causal agent of fusarium wilt of tomato. Five isolates of antagonistic fungi were screened in vitro for their efficacy against the test pathogen at Integrated Pest Mangement (IPM) Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Trichoderma harzianum was highly inhibitory to F. oxysporum f sp. lycopersici followed by T. viride. Oat culture was better effective carrier of T. harzianum than talcum powder. Preventive application of T. harzianum was more effective to control the disease than the curative method.

Keywords: Tomato, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Wilt, Antagonists, Biocontrol

Location: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Laboratory and Net House,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To evaluate the potentiality of some antagonistic fungi in controlling fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

Methodology:

For preliminary screening, five isolates of antagonistic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Trichoderma sp. (Rice), T. harzianum (Chickpea) and Penicillium sp. (seed) were tested to observe the potentiality of bio-control against tomato wilt fungus F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici at IPM lab, BAU. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with 5 replications. The linear growth (mm) and percent growth inhibition of mycelium of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were observed in vitro by growth inhibition technique (Nene and Thaplial, 1979). Three mycelial block of antagonists (same size and age) were placed at 5 cm distance from the center of PDA plate. Linear growth (mm) of F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici against all antagonists was measured after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hrs, respectively along with control.

The most effective antagonist T. harzianum selected through laboratory test was used in pots (15 cm diameter) for further test of its effectiveness against fusarium wilt of tomato. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The isolate of T. harzianum was multiplied on PDA medium and autoclaved oat grain. T. harzianum was mass multiplied on PDA and incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Talcum powder formulations were prepared by using the culture in potato dextrose broth, by mixing the mycelial mat along with the conidia with purified talcum powder (1:10 w/w) under sterile conditions. Oat grains were water soaked for 24 hours before autoclaving and air dried after colonization with T. harzianum for multiplication on oat grains. The treatments included a) Formulations of T. harzianum and b) Time of inoculation. Further, a) Formulations of T. harzianum included (i) Talcum powder base formulation (30 g/kg^-1 soil), (ii) Oat culture of T. harzianum (40 g plant^-1)and (iii) Plants watered with sterilized water served as control and b) Time of inoculation: The plants were inoculated with the spore suspension of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici thought sprinkling spore suspension around the seedlings (wounding roots) so that the suspension reached at a depth of at least 10-15 cm of soil (Gangopadhyay, 1984). (Twenty five days after transplanting, the bio-agents were thoroughly mixed with soil around the plants). Bio- agents were applied in two methods such as i) Preventive measures: Treatments (T. harzianum) were applied 3 days before inoculation (pathogen) and ii) Curative measures: Treatments (T. harzianum) were applied 3 days after inoculation (pathogen). Data of fungal wilt was recorded at 15, 30 and 45 days after inoculation by visual observation of symptoms. The incidence and severities of wilting were recorded following the grading scale (0-4) of Kapoor (1987). Data were analyzed statistically using computer package MSTATC. Means were compared with DMRT (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Mol. biol. biotechnol. J. 5(1&2):28-31

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Trichoderma harzianum was highly inhibitory to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici followed by T. viride. Oat culture was the better effective carrier of T. harzianum than talcum powder. Preventive method of T. harzianum application was more effective than the curative method to control fusarium wilt of tomato.

Knowledge Management: Journal