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Effect of Nitrogen on Lodging and Yield of Modern and Traditional Rice Varieties

M. R. Amin
Farm Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

A. Hamid
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1703

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to determine the extent of lodging and yield performance of modern and traditional varieties of rice as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer. The varieties were Jharapajam, Lalmota, Bansful chikon and KK4. KK-4 was modern and kept as check. Four levels of nitrogen viz. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha^-Iwere considered as nitrogen variables. Varieties and nitrogen levels interact significantly to lodging and and yield of rice. KK-4 remained almost erect during the whole growing season because of its lesser number of internodes and shorter culm length along with greater values of internode diameter, internode thickness and solidness index. Traditional varieties lodged moderately at dough stage and severely at maturity stage because of their tallness and lesser values in internode diameter, internode thickness and solidness index. Application of nitrogen fertilizer accentuated the lodging irrespective of varieties. Grain yield of rice varieties resembled to lodging and KK-4 yielded the highest (4772 kg ha^-I). While traditional varieties Bansfulchikon produced the lowest yield (3575 kg ha^-1) because of its severe lodging. Application of N @ 30 kg ha^-1 increased grain yield of rice to 4451 kg ha^-1 and further increase of nitrogen reduced yield due to rendering to lodging. Therefore, development of tolerant mechanism to lodging is suggested for yield improvement of traditional varieties.

Keywords: Effect of nitrogen, Lodging, Yield performance of modern and traditional rice varieties

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1996

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To examine the extent of lodging under different nitrogen levels and its effects on yield performance of traditional rice varieties.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the Aman season of 1996. The soil of the experimental plot was silty clay of shallow red brown terrace under Salna series. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with four rice varieties placed in the subplots and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rates placed in the main plots and replicated thrice. The varieties were Jharapajam, Lalmota, Bansful chikon and KK-4. KK-4 was modern and considered as check. Four levels of nitrogen viz. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha^-1 were applied in 5 m x 2 m plots. A blanket rate of fertilizers, 40 kg P₂0₅, 20 kg K₂0, 20 kg S and 8 kg Zn ha^-1and 10 t cowdung ha^-1 were applied and thoroughly incorporated into the soil during the final land prepar.ation. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea in three equal splits. First dose was topdressed after the establishment of seedlings and remaining doses of nitrogen were topdressed at maximum tillering and panicle initiation stages. The crop was established by transplanting at 25 cm x 15 cm spacing with two seedlings in each hill. The crop was adequately protected from weeds, diseases and insect-pests. At maturity stage, randomly ten shoots (mother shoot, primary and secondary tillers) were selected to measure the relating parameters of lodging of rice plant. Internode number was counted from the base of culm and length of each internode was determined. Diameter of the first basal internode was measured by using digimatic electronic caliper. Internode hollowness and solidness index were calculated by using the following formula: Internode hollowness = Internode diameter- (thickness x 2) .Solidness index= (Internode diameter /Thickness x 2). Lodging score was observed visually at dough and maturity stage of rice on 1 to 9 scales where, 1= no lodging, 3= more than 50% plants slightly lodge, 5= most plants moderately lodge, 7= most plants nearly flat, and 9= all plants completely flat (IRRI, 1982) . Grain yields at harvest were also recorded. Data pertaining to different lodging parameters and yield of rice cultivars were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared using least significant difference test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2004, 10(1 & 2): 7-12, ISSN 1013-1922

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Varieties and nitrogen levels interact significantly to lodging and and yield of rice. KK-4 remained almost erect during the whole growing season because of its lesser number of internodes and shorter culm length along with greater values of internode diameter, internode thickness and solidness index. Traditional varieties lodged moderately at dough stage and severely at maturity stage because of their tallness and lesser values in internode diameter, internode thickness and solidness index. Application of nitrogen fertilizer accentuated the lodging irrespective of varieties. Grain yield of rice varieties resembled to lodging and KK-4 yielded the highest (4772 kg ha^-I). While traditional varieties Bansful chikon produced the lowest yield (3575 kg ha^-1) because of its severe lodging. Application of N @ 30 kg ha ^-1 ncreased grain yield of rice to 4451 kg ha^-1and further increase of nitrogen reduced yield due to rendering to lodging. Therefore, development of tolerant mechanism to lodging is suggested for yield improvement of traditional varieties.

Knowledge Management: Journal