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Responses of Groundnut to Rhizobium Inoculation

A. R. M. Solaiman
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box No.4, Mymensingh

A. K. M. Habibullah
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box No.4, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Effects of Rhizobium inoculation compared to applied urea nitrogen was tested on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) both at farm fertility (no nutrient except 1.2 Kg Mo/ha) and maximal fertility (100 Kg P + 100 Kg K + 1.2 Mo/ha) levels. Total number of nodules as well as effective nodules and nodule weight increased significantly due to application of Rhizobium inoculant both at farm and maximal fertility levels. The application of Rhizobium inoculant at both fertility levels and urea nitrogen at maximal fertility level showed higher N content in plant. Rhizobium inoculant performed better at maximal fertility level than at farm fertility level. There was high positive relationship of fresh weight of nodules, total dry matter yield, N content and N uptake by plant with both the total number of nodules and the percentage of effective nodule of the crop.

Keywords: Groundnut, Rhizobium inoculation, Soil fertility

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To find the effect of rhizobia on nodulation and N-nutrition of groundnut in soils of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted on non calcareous dark grey floodplain soils in Agri-Varsity Farm, Mymensingh, using Dhaka-1, a recommended variety of groundnut, as the test crop. The soil of the experimental area is silt loam having pH 6.9, organic carbon 0.77%, C.E.C. 11.0 me/100 g soil, total N 0.059%, available P 13.0 ppm and exchange able K 0.42 me/100g soil. Inoculant was supplied by the NifTal Project, University of Hawaii, USA. The seeds of groundnut were coated with the inoculant using gum acacia as the sticking agent. The inoculant was used at the rate of 100 g per kg of seed. Viability count of rhizobia on the inoculant was made following the method, one day before seed coating and the count per g of inoculant was found to be 0.4 x 1o. All the coated seeds were sown in the field on the same day in the after noon. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Individual treatment plots were 7.5m x 2.4m. A basal dose of 1.2 kg Mo per hectare as ammonium molybdate was applied to all plots at the lime of final land preparation. The experiment was carried out at both farm fertility (no fertilizer) and maxi mal fertility level of the field. Nitrogen at the rate of 100 kg per hectare as urea was applied in two splits, 25 kg during planting and 75 kg before flowering. All plots of maximal fertility received phosphorus and potassium at the rate of 100 kg P and 100 kg K per hectare. The seeds were sown with a spacing of 60 cm between and 5 cm within row. Weeding was done twice and insect pests were controlled by spraying insecticide whenever necessary. At 50 per cent flowering stage of the crop, ten ran

Source of Information: Bangladesh J.Soil Sci.21(1):42-46, 1990, ISSN 0253-5440

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

These results are consistent and confirm suppression of nodulation when free N is available. The presence of nodules in treatments without Rhizobium inoculant indicate presence of native rhizobia in the soil. Buchanan and Gibbons (1974) reported that groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is nodulated by a large group of Rhizobium strains classified as cowpea miscellany. The highest number of nodules of 33.7 per plant was found on the plants, inoculated with rhizobia at maximal fertility level. Less number of nodules was found on the plant roots when 100 kg N/ha was applied both at farm and maximal fertility levels. The highest percentage (78.22%) of effective nodules was recorded in plots treated with inoculation of Rhizobium at maximal fertility level. The performance of Rhizobium inoculant both at farm and max. The crop RhizobTum inoculant treatment in the presence of P, K and Mo gave significantly higher amount of total dry matter yield per plant compared to the treatment of 100 kg N/ha at farm fertility. The effect of Rhizobium at maximal fertility was found statistically similar to that of application of 100 kg N/ha e.g. N content in plant. However, Rhizobium inoculant at farm fertility significantly increased N content in plant compared to that obtained due to the application of 100 kg N/ha. It was reported that in fields where groundnuts had been grown earlier inoculation sometimes were found to increase protein content of the crop. The beneficial effect of inoculation on N uptake by plants was also reported. Total nodules, effective nodules and total dry matter yields were found strongly correlated with N uptake by plant at 50 per cent flowering stage of the crop.

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