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Breeding Research on Brassica Oil Crops

M. A.QUDDUS
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Under Brassica Breeding programme of Coordinated Genetic Research for Crop Improvement Project 14 experiments were conducted during 1989-90. The experiments covered the areas (a) germplasm maintenance and evaluation (b) yield trials with promising lines (c) single plant and family selection (d) selection for 3-valved fruits an (e) selection for variable petal colour. In total 858 germplasms of the species B. cempestrls, B juncea, B. cerinets, B. napus, B. peklnensis and B. chinensts were grown, selfed and evaluated. In yield trials 24 promising lines of B. campestris and 3 lines of B. juncea were tested against the standard varieties, Sampad, M-21, Son all, YS 52, Shambal and Daulat. The lines M-340, M-405 and M-407 produced significantly higher yield than the check varieties. The lines M-382, M-383 and M-385 were a bit lower in yield but highly- valuable for zero erucic acid content. Among 19 advanced generation lines grown, 6 superior families and 11 composite lines were selected for TYT and progeny selection, respectively. Among segregating lines, 24- F₄, 27-F₃, 11-F₃ and 54-BCF₂ materials were grown and only 8 plants were selected from F₄ population. A total of 453 plants were studied as obtained from 6 genotypes having 92.3 to 100 percent 3-valved fruits. The plants were found to produce 2, 3, and 4-valved fruits in 2, 2 +3, 3+4 and 2 + 3 + 4 combination. None was found to produce 100 percent 3-valved fruits. Out of 6 qenotyps Shambal PY was uniform for pale yellow flower colour and selected for further growing along with Sonali variegated one.

Keywords: Germplasm, Yield trial, Selection, 3 valved fruits, Petal colour, Brassica

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-1989

End Date: 00-00-1990

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

Collection, characterization, evaluation and maintenance of basic germplasms, advanced lines and wild relatives of Brassica oil crops.
Genetic studies related to transfer of genes/chromosome desirable for improvement of genetic nature of the existing mateiaIs.
Studies on breeding methods/techniques suitable for developing genotypes having desirable character (s ).
Studies related to genotype-environment interaction and stability parameters of different genotypes of Brassica oil crop in different locations.

Methodology:

In the Brassica Breeding Proqrrnme of CGRCI 14 experiments were conducted during 1989-90 season. Except 5 newly introduced germplasms all other expeirnental materials ware received from the earlier project IORP. The experiments included (A) Germplasm maintenance and evaluation (B) Yield trials with promising lines (C) Single plant and family selection (D) Selection for 3-valved fruits and (E) Selection for variable petal colour. Due to rainfall in late October, 1989, the setting of experiments was delayed up to the third week of November. However, seeds of the experiments were sown between 19th to 22nd November, 1989. The land was prepared by country plough. cowdung was applied at the rate of approximately 5 tons per hectare. Urea, T. S. P., M. P., gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied at the rates of 148,185, 62, 98 and 7.5kg per hectare, respectively. One fourth of urea and total quantities of other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The rest of urea was top- dressed in three splits during vegetative stage. The yield trial experiments were conducted under randomized block design with three replications. Distances between rows and plants were :10 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Seeds of these experiments were sown in single plots maintaining the same spacings. Weeding and thinning were done only once between 4th to 19th December. Insectide and fungicide like Anthio and Dithane M-45 were sprayed for 4 find 2 times against aphids and Alternaria brassiceae, respectively. At vegetative and flowering stage, seqreqatinq plants were tagged for various morphological characters. The germplasms were selfed to get pure seeds. At maturitv stage, suitable plants or plots were Brassica oil crop breeding selected in the field. Except experimental group 4, data recorded on the selected plants were as follows: 1. Days to maturity, 2. Plant height in cm ,3. No. of primary branches/plant, 4. No. of secondary branches/plant, 5. No. of siliqua/plant, 6. No. of sillqua/10cm, 7. Siliqua length in cm, 8. No. of seeds/siliqua, 9. Seed yield/plant in gm, 10. Seed yield/plot in kg. In experimental group 4 data were recorded on different valved fruit character and number of seeds against each type. The recorded data were statistically analysed.

Source of Information: Proc. BAU Res. Proq. 5: 54-62, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among 19 advanced generation lines grown, 6 superior families and 11 composite lines were selected for TYT and progeny selection, respectively. Among segregating lines, 24- F₄, 27-F₃, 11-F₃ and 54-BCF₂ materials were grown and only 8 plants were selected from F₄ population. A total of 453 plants were studied as obtained from 6 genotypes having 92.3 to 100 percent 3-valved fruits. The plants were found to produce 2,3, and 4-valved fruits in 2, 2 +3, 3+4 and 2 + 3 + 4 combination. None was found to produce 100 percent 3-valved fruits.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings