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Photo-thermal Unit Requirement of Wheat Under Different Levels of Irrigation

M.H. Ali
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box-4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A.A. Hassan
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box-4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.A. Khair
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The productivity of a crop depends on genotype x environment interaction. Temperature and light influence various physiological processes including photosynthesis and respiration; and consequently the rate and duration of growth and thus the productivity of wheat. Investigation was made on the photo- thermal unit requirement of the newly released wheat variety 'Satabdhi' under different irrigation regimes. Full irrigated wheat required more days for onset, duration and thermal units for expression of various phenophases or for maturity than that of non-irrigated one; but almost similar of the units within the treatments irrigated at 2 or 3 stages. A relatively fixed amount of heat units was needed to proceed from one phenophase to the other or sowing to maturity, irrespective of the sowing date studied. The 'growing-degree days' (GOD) and 'crop heat unit' (CHU) indices were found superior to other units in explaining wheat maturity. Heat use efficiency for production of seed yield and total dry matter production was evaluated. The highest heat use efficiency (2.26 and 6.66 kg/ha/deg.-day for seed yield and dry-matter, respectively) were obtained in well irrigated treatment, and the lowest (1.14 kg/ha/deg-day) in full deficit treatment.

Keywords: Heat unit, Wheat, Irrigation, Thermal indices, Heat use efficiency

Location: Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Ishurdi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-11-2002

End Date: 31-03-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water productivity

Objectives:

To find photo-thermal unit requirement of wheat under different levels of irrigation.

Methodology:

Field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Ishurdi, Bangladesh (co-ordinates are: latitude 24 ° 06' N, longitude 89° 01' E). Its altitude is 34 m above mean sea level. The local climate is humid and sub-tropic with summer dominant rainfall (yearly average rainfall of 1572 mm, concentrated over the months of April to September). The wheat-growing period, November to March, is characterized by dry winter. The depth to static groundwater level at the site (piezometric surface, measured in observation well) during the start of the experiment was 2.07 m from the ground level, declined gradually and reached to 4.60 m during physiological maturity of the crop. The wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum) 'Shatabdi' was used for the experiment. It suits the prevailing climate of winter season (Nov. - March). It was developed by 'Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute'( BARI). Water deficit was created by withholding irrigation at different growth stages. A non-irrigated check (T,) and an irrigated check (T9) were included as control treatments. Irrigation amount at a particular stage was equal to 80 % of the amount required to fill upto field capacity (F.C.) to the effective root zone depth (the depth within which 80 % of the roots are concentrated) . The most common thermal indices are growing degree-days, crop heat units, heliothermal units.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 2(2): 351-360, 2004; ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is revealed that GOD and CHU are relatively constant for wheat growth and maturity. Non-irrigated plots required lower GOD and CHU than that of the irrigated plots: The HUE was highest in well irrigated plot and lowest in deficit plot.

Knowledge Management: Journal