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Suitability of Groundwater for Irrigation Use in Four Upazilas of Magura District

A A Sarkar
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box No.4, Mymensingh - 2200, Bangladesh

M H Ali
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box No.4, Mymensingh - 2200, Bangladesh

A A Hassan
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box No.4, Mymensingh - 2200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An attempt was made to evaluate the groundwater quality of Magura district for its irrigation suitability. Water samples were collected from two randomly selected shallow tubewells of each of the four upazilas of the district namely Magura Sadar, Sripur, Salikha and Mohamedpur. Water sampling was done two times: first one after the rainy season and before pumping started in November 2001 and the second one during the peak irrigation pumping period in February 2002. The aim of the study was to know the chemical composition of water, to classify it for irrigation suitability and to see the changes of chemical composition during pumping. Irrigation water classification was done based on different water quality determining indices such as Electrical Conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate and Kelley's Ratio. The results showed that almost all the samples were found to be excellent to good quality for irrigation use except slightly increased iron and chloride values at Sadar and Sripur upazilas, respectively. No distinct variation in the chemical composition was found due to pumping effect except the Magnesium content, which showed slightly increased value during the pumping period. Correlation between the chemical composition and quality determining indices were computed. The chemical composition did not show any relationship. But some of the quality determining indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio versus Soluble Sodium Percent, Sodium Adsorption Ratio versus Kelley's Ratio and Soluble Sodium Percent versus Kelley's Ratio were found to be highly related with R² of 0.97,0.96 and 0.99, respectively.

Keywords: Suitability, Groundwater, Irrigation

Location: Magura Sadar, Sripur, Salikha and Mohamedpur upazilz of Magura district

Start Date: 01-11-2001

End Date: 29-02-2002

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. To determine different chemical composition in irrigation water, 2. To classify irrigation water according to its suitability for crops, and 3. To see the changes of water quality over time.

Methodology:

In each upazila, two shallow tubewells (STWs) were randomly selected for water sampling. To see the water quality condition and its changes over time, November and February were chosen, which represent before and middle of irrigation period, respectively. Through this study it will also indicate whether any change in the quality of water occurs as a pumping effect of groundwater during the irrigation period. Water sample was collected from STWs only because most of the farmers of the study area use STWs for irrigation and DTWs were mostly out of order. Water samples were collected in one liter dried and clean plastic containers which were rinsed well with the sampling water prior to sampling. The samples were collected only after the STW had pumped for at least 30 minuets to avoid stagnant or contaminated water sampling. After water sample collection, a little formaldehyde was added to retard mold growth. Then the container mouths were tightly sealed, kept airtight and the containers were labeled properly for identification. The water samples were then carried to the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) laboratory and preserved in cool room until analysis. The groundwater samples were chemically analyzed for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), soluble cations including Arsenic (As⁺), Calcium (Ca⁺⁺), Magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), Sodium (Na⁺), Potasium (K⁺) and Iron (Fe⁺⁺); the anions including Carbonate (C0₃^{- -} ), Bicarbonate (HC0₃^- ) and Chloride (Cl). pH, EC and As⁺ was determined by digital pH meter, conductivity bridge and field kit method, respectively. While Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the rest of the samples were analyzed according to the standard method.

Source of Information: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh; Agricultural Enzineerinz Division, Vol. 29/AE, No.1, Dec. 2002

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that almost all the samples were found to be excellent to good quality for irrigation use except slightly increased iron and chloride values at Sadar and Sripur upazilas, respectively. No distinct variation in the chemical composition was found due to pumping effect except the Magnesium content, which showed slightly increased value during the pumping period.

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