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Distribution of Helminth Parasites in Toads and Frogs in Bangladesh

ABU TWEB ABU AHMED
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

ALEYA BEGUM
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Monthly samples of toad (Bufo melanostictus, Schneider, 1799), bull frog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Daudin, 1802) and skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Schneider, 1799) were collected over a year between June 1997 and May 1998 from Dhaka and Feni districts to study the sexwise distribution of endoparasitic helminths in the said three hosts. A total of 300 specimens were examined, of which 140 (46.67%) were males and 160 (53.33%) were females. A total of 2499 parasites were collected from different infested organs. All the hosts were found to be infected by some helminth parasites i.e. the prevalence was 100%. Seven species of helminth parasites were identified. The intensity of parasites of male hosts was found to be higher (12.82 in Dhaka and 14.15 in Feni) than those of the female (9.46 in Dhaka and 11.79 in Feni) hosts. The highest monthly incidence was observed from the month of June to October and the lowest from November to February.

Keywords: Bufo melanostictus, Helminth, Prevalence , Parasite, Intensity, Distribution

Location: Dhaka and Feni districts of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-1997

End Date: 00-05-1998

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Frog

Objectives:

To observe the rate of prevalence and intensity of parasitic helminth in the said three hosts along with their sexwise distribution.

Methodology:

A total of 300 host specimens were examined, of which each host species contained 100 individuals. The host specimens used for the collection of helminths were captured from Dhaka and Feni districts of Bangladesh. The host specimens were caught from different places such as paddy fields, gardens, ponds, lakes and other farm lands of the two districts. During hibernation a net was dragged in the mud to catch the frogs. During breeding season, the frogs were collected from the spawning sites. The collected hosts were brought to the laboratory alive and kept in the aquarium for autopsy. Before autopsy the frogs were killed by treating with chloroform and then autopsied for the collection of parasites. The buccal cavity, stomach, small intestine, rectum, liver, gall bladder, lungs, heart, urinary bladder, body cavity and muscles were examined thoroughly for the said purpose. Identification and counting were normally made on live helminths. The trematodes and cestodes were pressed gently under the coverslip and then fixed in formalin acetic acid (FAA). Nematodes were fixed in glycerine alcohol and glacial acetic acid. Glacial acetic acid was used only for comparatively larger nematodes. All the helminths were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol in vials. The vials were numbered serially with collection date. The parasites were stained in borax carmine. After staining, the parasites were passed through graded series of alcohol and finally cleared in xylene. The worms were mounted in Canada balsam.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Bio. Sci. 15(1): 77-84, 2006 (January)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mostly the level of parasitization peaked in the month of June to October, which was probably due to an abundant number of insects sprouting during this time carrying larval stages of helminthes. The toad and frogs are also abundant in these months preying upon the insects. The scarcity of insects was probably responsible for the decline in the number of parasites from November to February.

Knowledge Management: Journal