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Phenology, Growth and Yield Ability of Modern and Old Rice Cultivars of Different Maturity Groups

D. A. Choudhury
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701

A. Hamid
Bangabandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1703

G. U. Miah
Bangabandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1703

M. M. Haque
Bangabandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1703

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Phenology, growth and yield ability of 84 old and 15 modem cultivars of rice were studied at the Bangabandu Sheikh Muzibur Rahman Agricultural University during aman season of 1994. Rice cultivars were grouped according to their maturity period as very early, medium, late and very late. Most of the modem cultivars flowered within 100 days of sowing and considered as very early to medium maturity group. Majority of the old cultivars was in late and very late maturity group. Growth duration had significant influence on the total dry matter accumulation during pre and post-heading growth phases. The cultivars matured earlier showed a lower amount of dry matter at heading. Medium duration cultivars tended to produce highest amount of dry matter, which was identical with those of very late maturity group. The trend also persisted in post-heading stage. A great deal of variation in growth rate was evident in pre-heading as well as post- heading growth stages. Longer the vegetative or pre-heading growth phase, slower was the growth rate prior to heading. But the trend changed in the post-heading period when medium duration group cultivars showed higher growth rate than other cultivar groups. An appreciable difference in grain yield between maturity groups was observed. Early maturing cultivars produced higher yield than the other groups while the very late maturing ones produced the lowest yield. A marked variation in harvest index across the maturity groups of cultivars was also observed. Generally, harvest index decreased with the increase in growth duration. The very early maturing cultivars had the highest harvest index while the very late maturing ones had the lowest.

Keywords: Phenology, Yield ability, Rice cultivar

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1994

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the differences in phenology, growth and yield ability in different modern and old cultivars of rice.

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during the aman season of 1994. The soil was silty clay under Salna series. Ninety-nine cultivars of rice were used in this experiment. Among the ninety-nine cultivars, 15 were modern varieties collected from Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Thailand and remaining 84 were old cultivars of Bangladesh origin. Considering the time of flowering and maturity, the cultivars were classified into five maturity groups. The groups were very early (> 100 days), early (100-120 days), medium (121-140 days), late (141-160 days) and very late (>160 days). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. A fertilizer dose of 50-45-35-12 kg ha of NPK and S was applied for modern varieties and half of this dose was applied for old cultivars. Twenty-five days old seedlings were transplanted on 12th July, 1995. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were taken as and when needed. Plants were sampled once at anthesis and again at maturity to determine the dry matter weight. From heading stage each and every plot was observed very carefully and data on days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were recorded. Pre- and post-anthesis growth rate was calculated as dry matter accumulated divided by day required to anthesis and to maturity. Plants of different cultivars were harvested on different dates as they matured at varying dates. At maturity, 5 sample plants were uprooted to measure yield-contributing characters. Grain yield was determined from harvesting area of 4 m² of each plot and adjusted to 14% moisture content. Analysis of variance of such large number of variety is difficult. So, the results were compared on the basis of mean with range and frequency distribution of statistical tool.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 1998,8 (1 & 2): 47-52, ISSN 1013-1922

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the modem cultivars flowered within 100 days of sowing and considered as very early to medium maturity group. Majority of the old cultivars was in late and very late maturity group. Growth duration had significant influence on the total dry matter accumulation during pre and post-heading growth phases. The cultivars matured earlier showed a lower amount of dry matter at heading. Medium duration cultivars tended to produce highest amount of dry matter, which was identical with those of very late maturity group. The trend also persisted in post-heading stage. A great deal of variation in growth rate was evident in pre-heading as well as post- heading growth stages. Longer the vegetative or pre-heading growth phase, slower was the growth rate prior to heading. But the trend changed in the post-heading period when medium duration group cultivars showed higher growth rate than other cultivar groups. An appreciable difference in grain yield between maturity groups was observed. Early maturing cultivars produced higher yield than the other groups while the very late maturing ones produced the lowest yield. A marked variation in harvest index across the maturity groups of cultivars was also observed. Generally, harvest index decreased with the increase in growth duration. The very early maturing cultivars had the highest harvest index while the very late maturing ones had the lowest.

Knowledge Management: Journal