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Solid-state Fermentation by Pleurotus Sajor-caju for Upgrading Agro-industrial Wastes to Animal Feed

ABDULLAH-AL-MAHIN
Microbiology and Industrial Irradiation Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

M.S. lSLAM
Microbiology and Industrial Irradiation Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

N . CHOUDHURY
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

N . A. CHOWDHURY
Microbiology and Industrial Irradiation Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, AERE, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

M . A. MALEK
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

ANISUR RAHMAN KHAN
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Solid-state fermentation by cellulolytic Pleurotus sajor-caju for upgrading of two agro-wastes such as sugarcane bagasse and rice straw to animal feed was investigated. The strain required eight weeks to complete the fermentation process on the substrates at 30°C. The maximum increase of reducing sugar with alkali treated bagasse, alkali treated rice straw, lime treated bagasse and lime treated rice straw were 11.5, 13.4, 21.0 and 29.4 mg/g of substrate, respectively and the enrichment of soluble protein were 5.64, 8.5, 9.04 and 10.12 mg/g of substrate, respectively. The maximal activity of cellulolytic enzymes such as CMCase, avicelase and cellobiase excreted by the strain on lime treated rice straw were 3.06, 0 .147, 0.027 units/ml , respectively whereas the activities on the lime treated bagasse were 2 .24 , 0.098 and 0 .015 units/ml, respectively . A trial for scale up fermentation in polythene bags also indicates that the strain is able to complete fermentation by eight weeks under the same conditions. The fermented products were found to be free of aflatoxin B 1.

Keywords: Pleurotus sajor-caju , Rice straw, Sugarcane bagasse , Animal feed

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Feed

Objectives:

To consider a potential strain for utilization of low cost substrates for economic fermentation process.

Methodology:

Organism: A fungal strain of Pleurotus sajor-caju obtained from the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Dhaka was used in this investigation and the strain was maintained in PDA medium. S ubstrates : Two natural cellulosic agro-wastes, namely rice straw and sugarcane bagasse were used for upgrading to animal feed by the fungal fermentation. These substrates were first cleaned off all dirt and unwanted materials. Then these were cut into pieces, washed with water, sun-dried and then crushed in a grinder. The ground substrates were pretreated with hot alkali by boiling with NaOH (0.1 gig substrate) for one hour and with lime by soaking in aqueous solution of 2% CaC0₃. The excess alkali or lime was removed by washing; the pH was neutralized, and finally dried at 70° C overnight. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), avicel and cellobiose used for enzyme assay were of analytical grade. Growth on solid medium: Mycelial growth pieces (0.5 cm diam.) of Pleurotus sajor-caju were transferred onto sterile Mandels agar medium containing 1% w/v CMC as sole carbon substrate, adjusted at different pH and incubated at different temperatures. Increase of mycelial growth was measured by increasing the diameter of initial inoculum used up to three weeks to determine the optimum growth pH and temperature. Solid -state fermentation : Pretreated substrates (19.4 g) of each type were taken separately in 500 ml conical flaks and 0.6 g rice bran was added in each flask. Distilled water (110 ml) was added to the flask to make the moisture content of the substrates to 70% and mixed well. The substrates were then sterilized by using a radiation dose of 30 kGy from Co radiation source. Detection of aflatoxin: The ferments were mixed with chloroform for extraction of total aflatoxin and filtered through cheese-cloth into a separatory funnel. The chloroform layer was treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the clarified filtrate was concentrated into a vacuum rotary evaporator. The appropriately diluted crude extracts and standard aflatoxin solution were applied on the thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate which was then placed in the solvent system (Toluene: ethyl acetate: 90% formic acid at the ratio of 6 : 3 : 1).After running of solvent and air-drying, the spots developed on the TLC plate were visualized under UV lamp at 245 nm wavelength.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 13(2): 181-189, 2004 (July)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The best desirable product was found for lime treated rice straw. So a trial was set for medium-scale solid-state fermentation with this substrate using two different sizes of sterile polythene bags (100 and 200 g/bag). To find out a cheaper way of fermentation, the incubation was conducted at ambient temperature instead of controlled incubation temperature. Both the bags were found equally good for solid-state fermentation, which was achieved around eight weeks of incubation time.

Knowledge Management: Journal