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Field Water Balance in Wheat Cultivation

A. A. Hassan
Bamgladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh, Bangladesh

N. N. Karim
Bamgladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The water balance components in a wheat field were determined from an experiment conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture farm. Mymensingh, Bangladesh during November 1998 to March 1999 in silty loam soil. The crop was grown with and without irrigation at different growth stages. Total actual evapotranspiration of wheat were 14.405, 13.675, 22.515,22.147 and 20.356 cm under without irrigation, irrigation at early. vegetative. yield formation and ripening stages, respectively. Stage wise, maximum evapotranspiration (16.597 cm) was found in yield formation stage. Rainfall, irrigation, stored soil moisture and upward soil water flux contributed to evapotranspiration of about 12,18.66 and 10%, respectively. Deep percolation. assessed from the position of zero flux plane, was highest during early stage under different treatments. Percolation rate decreased with the elapse of time due to penetration of zero flux plane towards higher soil depth. Soil moisture depletion reached maximum during yield formation stage under different irrigation treatments. Contribution of upward soil water flux to evapotranspiration happened only at the later stage of crops growth. Deep percolation as determined decreased actual evapotranspiration of wheat otherwise the figure would be superfluous.

Keywords: Water balance component, Evapotranspiration, Wheat cultivation, Irrigation, Bangladesh

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture farm. Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 20-11-1998

End Date: 16-03-1999

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To determine the water balance components in a wheat field from an experiment.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the field at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture farm, Mymensingh, during November 1998 to March 1999. The soil texture, bulk density and the volumetric field capacity of the experimental field were silt loam, 1.42 gm/cm and 44%, respectively. The experimental field was laidout in randomized block design having 5 m X 4 m individual plots with four replications and maintaining 0.50 m wide buffer zone to prevent seepage between nearby plots and replicates, respectively. There were five irrigation treatments. Five sets of tensiometer at different soil depths (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120 cm) were installed in five plots of one replication. Fifteen access tubes were installed in three replications. Wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum, variety: Kanchan) were sown on 20th November, 1998. All cultural practices were followed as and when necessary according to the field and crop condition. The crop was harvested on 16th March, 1999. Irrigation water was applied as per schedule of the irrigation treatment. Measured volume of water was applied using hose pipe with water meter. Runoff was not allowed from the individual plot. Soil moisture was monitored before and after irrigation to check whether the soil moisture storage was maintained within the range of 75 to 100% of available water content (Field capacity - Wilting Point) within the plant root zone. Soil moisture was measured by neutron moisture meter [ Troxler model 3300] up to 0-120 cm depth for every 15 cm increment at the time of sowing, before and after irrigation, beginning and end of each stage, 10 days interval and at harvest. Soil moisture tension data were collected at 10 days interval, beginning and end of the stage and at harvest. Water balance equation was used to determine the component of equation from the measured inputs.

Source of Information: Journal of Applied Irrigation Science (Germany), 2: 203-211, October, 2001

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Total actual evapotranspiration of wheat were 14.405, 13.675, 22.515,22.147 and 20.356 cm under without irrigation, irrigation at early, vegetative, yield formation and ripening stages, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal