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Effects of Soil Drying and Sulphur Fertilization on the Performance of Wetland Rice

N. I. Bhuiyan
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. Mujibul Islam
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

S. K. Zaman
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A greenhouse experiment was conducted over three years at Bangladesh Rice Research institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, using soils from the long term continuous wetland rice cropping experimental field. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of soil-drying and S- fertilization with and without NPK fertilizers on the growth, yield and S nutrition of wetland rice. Soil-drying markedly improved the crop performance only in the immediate crop but this beneficial effect dId not continue for the subsequent crops. Significantly higher yield and total N and S uptake of nee were observed when S was applied along with NPK fertilizers under both soil-drying and continuous wet soil conditions. The addition of only NPK fertilizers, however, increased the growth and yield of rice to some extent when compared with control or only S treatment. Results of the trial clearly indicated the need of S fertilization along with NPK to optimize the yield of rice under continuous and intensive wetland rice culture. The negative effect of NPK fertilizers without S in the 5^th and 8^th crop need to be investigated.

Keywords: Effect of soil,Drying,Sulphur fertilization,Wet land rice

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-1981

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of soil-drying and S- fertilization with and without NPK fertilizers on the growth, yield and S nutrition of wetland rice

Methodology:

The bulk soil sample was collected at a depth 0-20 em from the long term continuous wetland rice cropping experimental field at BRRI farm, Joydebpur and was thoroughly mixed. The soil of the experimental field was kept continuously wet since 1970. One half of the soil sample was used as wet and other half was sun-dried, crushed and passed through a 5-mm sieve for drying treatment. The collected soil (Ultisol) was S deficient (available S content 4.2 mg S0₄-S/kg soil) with the following characteristics: pH 7.4; organic matter 2.1 %, total N O. 11%, CEC 13.3 meq/ 100g soil, and texture, clay loam. A greenhouse experiment was carried out in a factorial design (four replications) with two levels of fertilizers (Fs=without NPK fertilizers; F₁ = with NPK fertilizers); two levels of sulphur fertilizer (S_o = without S; S_I = with S); and two levels of moisture (w = wet soil kept under continuous flooding conditions; D = sun- drying of the continuous wet soil prior to the 1^st and 7^th boro crop). For wet soil conditions, 13 kg wet soil (equivalent to 7.5 kg dry soil); and for sun-drying conditions, 7.5 kg sun-dried soil was taken per pot. Soil in the pots was then kept flooded using tap water for successive wetland rice culture. The experiment was initiated in boro season of 1981 (1^st. crop) and was as such repeated for the subsequent 5 corps until T. aman season of 1982 without further soil drying. During the 3^rd year of the study, soil drying treatment was again imposed prior to boro season only. The 7^th, 8^th and 9^th crops were grown during 1983 boro, aus and T. aman of 1983, respectively. Sulphur was applied in the form of gypsum to each crop. Except for the T am an season of 1981, the boro and T am an crops were grown up to maturity, whereas, the aus and T. aman crops of 1981 were grown up to maximum tillering stage. Nitrogen, P and K fertilizers were applied at the rate of 100, 26, and 50 mgj'kg, respectively during boro season. Total amount of P and K and 2/3 of were mixed thoroughly with the whole volume of soil 2 days prier to transplantation. The remaining 1/3 of N was applied at 5-7 days before panicle initiation stage as top dressing. In case of aus and T. aman seasons, 60, 13 and 25 mgj kg NPK fertilizers, respectively were applied as basal and thoroughly incorporated with the soil. The sources of fertilizers for NPK were urea, triple superphosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. For S treatment, 30 mg S/kg soil from gypsum was applied as basal and thoroughly mixed with the soil. During boro season, 30-day old BR3 seedlings, and in aus and Taman seasons 20-day old BR1 and BRIO seedling, respectively were transplanted. Four uniform and healthy rice seedlings were transplanted per pot in a square. After seedling establishment, two plants were removed by keeping two diagonally opposite healthy and uniform plants per pot. Plants were harvested at the ground level, then cleaned with distilled water and dried at 70°C for 4 days before weighing. Total S content of the plant material was determined by nitric- perchloric acid digestion (Chapman and Pratt, 1961) followed by turbidimetric determination of sulphate.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil. Sci. 25: 19 - 24, 1998(December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Soil-drying markedly improved the crop performance only in the immediate crop but this beneficial effect did not continue for the subsequent crops. Significantly higher yield and total N and S uptake of nee were observed when S was applied along with NPK fertilizers under both soil-drying and continuous wet soil conditions. The addition of only NPK fertilizers, however, increased the growth and yield of rice to some extent when compared with control or only S treatment. Results of the trial clearly indicated the need of S fertilization along with NPK to optimize the yield of rice under continuous and intensive wetland rice culture. The negative effect of NPK fertilizers without S in the 5^th and 8^th crop need to be investigated.

Knowledge Management: Journal