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Effect of Water Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Soil Physical Properties, Growth and Yield of Transplanted Rice

M. A. Mazid Miah
Principal scientific officer, Soil Science Divn. BRRI, Gazipur , Bangladesh.

T. H. Khan
Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka,Bangladesh.

S. M. A. Faiz
Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka,Bangladesh.

G.M Panaullah
Chief Scientific Officer, Soil Science Divn. BRRI, Gazipur , Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted with 4 water regimes and 4 N levels at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur to determine the effects of varying combinations of moisture regimes and Ii levels on some physical properties and the growth and yield of transplanted rice. Under water sufficiency condition the surface layer (O-10cm) of the soil maintained a higher moisture content than the sub-surface layer (10-20 cm) while under water deficit the reverse was the trend. The fluctuation in soil moisture content was greater in the surface layer than that of the sub-surface layer. Increased soil moisture content was associated with decreased bulk density and increased total porosity of soil. Rice roots were mostly confined to the top 0-10 cm soil layer. Root length density decreased with increasing soil depth. Continuously flooded plots produced more rice roots than intermittently water stressed plots. Nitrogen fertilization increased root growth even wider water stress. The root growth was positively influenced by soil moisture content and negatively influenced by bulk density. The continuously submerged plots produced higher rice yields than those of limited water supply. Increasing level of N up to 120 kg/ha in wet season increased the grain and straw yield of rice even in the presence of water stress. Soil moisture content and roots length had a positive and bulk density had a negative influence on grain yield of rice.

Keywords: Effect,Water,Nitrozen,Soil,Rice

Location: At Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

Start Date: 00-00-1992

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of water regimes and nitrogen levels on soil physical properties, and the growth and yield of rice.

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted in the 1992 dry season in Aerie HapZaquept having silty clay texture in surface soil at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The treatments comprised four levels of irrigation, continuous submergence (CS), irrigation at 4, 7 and 10 days after disappearance of standing water (DW); and four levels of N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/halo The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 4 replications. Irrigation levels were used as the main plot and N levels as the sub-plot. Nitrogen was applied in to 3 equal splits as urea at 15, 40 and 65 days after transplanting (DT). All plots received a basal dose of P. K, Sand Zn @ 26, 34, 20 and 5 kgy ha as triple super phosphate, murate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate respectively. Fifty five days old seedlings of a modern rice (Oryza sativa L) variety BR 3 were transplanted at a spacing of 20 x 20 em using 3-4 seedlings per hill. All plots received water as per irrigation treatment. The CS plots were kept submerged under 3-5 em standing water throughout the crop growing period. The other water treated plots were• irrigated at the respective days after disappearance of standing water. The first disappearance of standing water occurred at 32 DT and the first irrigation was applied at 36, 39 and 42 DT as per treatment requirements. The 4 DW and 7 DW irrigated plots were kept submerged until the disappearance of standing water of 10 DW plots to maintain the irrigation cycle. A total of 4 irrigation cycle 32-42, 48-58, 72-82 and 92-102 DT were maintained during the crop growing period. Soil samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm ) from each individual plot were collected at different intervals during the crop growing period using the core sampling technique for soil moisture content (SMC), bulk density (BD) and total soil porosity determination. The physical properties of soil were determined using standard analytical procedures (Black, 1965). The straw and grain yield were recorded at harvest. Root samples for 0 to 30 cm soil depth were collected at harvest from thecentre of each plot using a 40 cm long and 10cm diameter core. Each soil core was cut into three 10 cm lengths and root length was measured by using technique described by Newman (1966).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 25: 75 - 82, I998(December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fluctuation in soil moisture content was greater in the surface layer than that of the sub-surface layer. Increased soil moisture content was associated with decreased bulk density and increased total porosity of soil. Rice roots were mostly confined to the top 0-10 cm soil layer. Root length density decreased with increasing soil depth. Continuously flooded plots produced more rice roots than intermittently water stressed plots. Nitrogen fertilization increased root growth even wider water stress. The root growth was positively influenced by soil moisture content and negatively influenced by bulk density. The continuously submerged plots produced higher rice yields than those of limited water supply. Increasing level of N up to 120 kg/ha in wet season increased the grain and straw yield of rice even in the presence of water stress. Soil moisture content and roots length had a positive and bulk density had a negative influence on grain yield of rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal