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Effects of Arsenic on Some Growth Parameters of Rice Plant

I.JAHAN
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. HOQUE
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. M. ULLAH
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. G. KlBRIA
Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The response of rice (Oryza satiua L.) plants exposed to different concentrations of arsenic (As) was studied. The effects of As on agronomic parameters of rice plants were recorded. Rice plants grown on silty clay loam soil were treated with seven levels of As (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/kg soil) as sodium arsenite (NaAs0₂ ) in soil. Plant growth was severely affected at higher concentrations of arsenic. Distinct visual toxicity symptoms were found in rice plants and the growth was stunted drastically. At high dose, plants attained less height, fewer tiller numbers and less grain yield than those of the control. The panicle formation was delayed by about 10-12 days at high concentrations of As. Generally, arsenic toxicity symptoms in rice variety BR-26 started from 20 mg As kg/soil.

Keywords: Arsenic toxicity, Grain yield, Tiller, Panicle

Location: Net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the toxic limits and the effects of arsenic on the growth and yield of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.).

Methodology:

A pot experiment with silty clay loam soil of Chiatta series was carried out in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, to determine the toxic limit of arsenic in rice plant. The uncontaminated soil sample was collected from surface to about 15 cm depth on the basis of composite sampling method from Jhanjar in Gazipur district and transported to the laboratory. Soil sample was dried in the air. Larger and massive aggregates were broken by gentle crushing with a hammer. Dry roots, grasses and other particulate materials were discarded from the soil sample. A portion of the sample was passed through appropriate sieves for chemical and physical analyses and the rest of the sample was processed for pot experiment. Six kg soil was taken in 10 kg earthen pot. The properties of the soils were: pH 5.4; organic matter content 1.39%, total N, P, S, and K were 0.074, 0.025, 0.027 and 0.12 per cent, respectively. Application of treatments and set up of the experiments : Fertilizers were applied to the soil as per recommendation of BARC. Nitrogen (110 kg/ha), phosphorus (25 kg/ha), potassium (60 kg/ha), zinc (1 kg/ha) and sulphur (15 kg/ha) were applied from urea, TSP, MP, zinc sulphate at gypsum, respectively. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, one third at the time of land preparation, one third after 30 days after transplantation (DAT) and the rest before flower initiation. Arsenic was added to the pots from sodium arsenite in solution form at the rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg As kg/soil at the time of soil preparation. A high yielding rice variety, BR-26 was transplanted in kharif-1 season. Two seedlings of 30 days old were transplanted in a hill and the number of hills were two per pot. One hill per pot was sampled after 45 DAT and the rest one was kept up to maturity. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications for each treatment. Collection of plant samples : Growth parameters such as plant height, tiller number, panicle number, grain yield and dry weight were recorded at two different stages of growth and plant samples were collected at 45 DAT and at maturity. Plant samples were dried at 65°C for 72 hours, weighed, ground and stored for chemical analyses. The shoots and roots were collected separately. Shoots were harvested just above the soil surface. Roots were collected carefully and washed thoroughly with distilled water to remove adhering soil particles. The shoots were also washed to remove dust particles. The experimental data were statistically analyzed. The test of significance of different treatment means was computed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 12(1): 71-77, 2003 (January)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Plant growth was severely affected at higher concentrations of arsenic. Distinct visual toxicity symptoms were found in rice plants and the growth was stunted drastically. At high dose, plants attained less height, fewer tiller numbers and less grain yield than those of the control.

Knowledge Management: Journal