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Adopting Modern Rice Technologies in Flood-prone Areas: Status, Constraints, and Opportunities

N. M. Miah
Retired Director (Research)
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

B. A. A. Mustafi
Chief Scientific Officer and Head
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. U. Ahmed
Chief Scientific Officer and Head
Adaptive Research Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice is the most important crop in Bangladesh and it is grown in four sea- sons. About 80% of the arable land is under rice cultivation. The adoption of modem rice varieties is about 62%. Among the rice crops, deepwater rice is affected by flood to a variable extent and there is no modern technology adoption in this area. Two basic development strategies can be followed to increase agricultural production in flood-prone areas: providing flood protection and improving crop production without flood protection. Certain biophysical and socioeconomic problems identified need to be solved.

Keywords: Flood-prone, Dodern technology, Rice varieties, Flood protection

Location: All over Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Water management, Rice

Objectives:

To determine the modern rice technologies in flood-prone areas: status, constraints, and opportunities

Methodology:

The Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) has so far released 40 modem rice varieties for different ecosystems except the deepwater ecosystem. Among these varieties, 3 are recommended for upland aus conditions, 13 for both T. aus and bora seasons, 7 for onl y the bora season, and 17 for the T. aman season. For the DWR ecosystem, seven traditional varieties suitable for variable water depths were recom- mended many years ago and these continue till now (Das 2000). It may not be out of place to mention here that farmers still grow many traditional varieties in areas where modern varieties, which are mostly dwarf or semidwarf in height, have not been found suitable for the prevailing water regions, Tables 6, 7, and 8 show the modern varieties recommended for the T. aman, boro, and deepwater ecosystems. Several improved DWR breeding lines have been developed for a water depth of up to 2 m but, because of their low and fluctuating yields from year to year, none of these could be released as a variety. Table 9 has a list of improved DWR lines, Besides BRRI-developed modern varieties, several high-yielding varieties (HYV) were introduced in the country in the late 1960s for aus, boro, and T. aman seasons: IR8 for T. aus and boro (from IRRI), IRS and IR20 for T. aman (from IRRI), Purbachi for T. aus (from China), and Pajam for T. aman (from Malaysia), Among these, Purbachi is still being grown in the boro season because of its early maturity. In addition, rice varieties IRATOM 24, Binasail, BINA Dhan 4, BINA DhanS, and BINA Dhan6 were released by the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Ag- riculture (BINA) for the T. aman and boro seasons, The Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) has released two varieties, BAU 63 for the boro season and BAU Dhan2 for the T. aman season, All the above varieties of BINA and BAU are recommended only for favorable environments, Besides modern varieties, BRR! has also developed some improved rice-based cropping patterns and management practices for the flood-prone rice ecosystem.

Source of Information: Rice Research and Development in the Flood-prone Ecosystem. Proceedings of the international workshop on flood-prone rice systems held in Gazipur, Bangladesh 9-11 January 2001. International Rice Research Institute. 283p. P-171-185, ISBN 971-22-0197-X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In general, the adoption of modern technologies (varieties) increased from 23% in 1980-81 to 62% in 1999-2000 (BRRI 2000), Current adoption of modern varieties is 32% in aus, 48% in T. aman, and 40% in the boro season. Together, this depicts the rate of modem variety adoption in favorable environments. The DWR environment covers the most flood-prone areas in Bangladesh and, as there is no modem rice variety developed and introduced yet for these areas, there is no modem technology adoption in these areas. Consequently, regions that have more flood-prone rice lands have adopted fewer modem varieties. For example, traditional (local) varieties are grown in flood-af- fected T. aman areas and the adoption of local varieties in the T. aman season in Region 9 (Dhaka and Tangail districts) is the highest (41%), followed by 24.3% in Region 5 (Jamalpur, Mymensingh, and Kishorganj). Another survey indicates that flood-prone lowland T. aman areas have only 10% adoption of modem varieties (BRRI 2000).

Knowledge Management: Journal