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Anthracnose of Betel Vine and Its in Vitro Management

Md. Junayed Ahmed
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

K. S. Hossain
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. A. Bashar
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka?1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The incidence of anthracnose disease was observed lowest in December (10.87%) and highest in July (80.50%) at the three selected betel vine fields of Shalon village in Moulvibazar district. The young stems were found more prone to attack than the old ones. Pathogenicity test showed Colletotrichum dematium and C. gloeosporioides produced characteristic disease symptoms on betel stems. Among them C. dematium is a new document as a pathogen of anthracnose of betel vine. Out of five fungicides, complete inhibition of both the pathogens in vitro occurred with corozole EC (25% propiconazole), folicur EC (25% tebuconazole) and trooper WP (75% tricyclazole). Among the four antagonistic fungi, Penicillium sp. showed more antagonistic potentiality against the pathogens.

Keywords: Anthracnose, Betel vine, In vitro management

Location: Kulaura Upazilla in Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2009

End Date: 00-07-2010

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To investigate the incidence of disease and its in vitro management of anthracnose pathogen(s) by using fungicides and antagonists

Methodology:

Several field visits were made during December, 2009 to July, 2010 at Shalon village of Kulaura Upazilla in Moulvibazar district. Three betel vine fields were selected randomly. The per cent disease incidence (DI) was calculated by adopting the formula stated by Hossain et al. Anthracnose infected stems of betel vine were collected in the sterile polyethylene bag. Fungi associated with anthracnose infected stem were isolated following standard agar plate method. Fungi growing out of the inocula were identified in situ whenever possible, purified and maintained on PDA slants. Per cent frequency of the fungal isolates was calculated by adopting the formula of Spurr and Welty (17). Identities of the isolates were determined following the standard literatures (18, 19). On the basis of higher per cent frequency and previous report as a causal agent of anthracnose disease of betel vine or other crops Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. and C. dematium (Pers. Ex Fr.) grove were selected and their pathogenicity were tested following Kochs postulates into a shady net house at Carzon Hall campus of Dhaka University. In vitro fungitoxicity of five systemic fungicides viz., bavistin WP (50% carbendazim), corozole EC (25% propiconazole), folicur EC (25% tebuconazole), fuji?one EC (40% isoprothiolane) and trooper WP (75% tricyclazole) at 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations were evaluated against Colletotrichum dematium and C. gloeosporioides following poisoned food technique with three replications. The radial growth of the colonies were measured at the seventh day of incubation. The per cent growth inhibition of each test pathogen was calculated following the formula of Hossain and Bashar(20). The results were statistically analyzed by ?t? test following Steel and Torrie. Some soil fungi were isolated from garden soil following serial dilution method. Their identities were determined following the standard literatures (18, 22, 23). From the identified soil fungi, Aspergillus flavus Link., A. niger Tiegh., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma viride Pers. were selected randomly to study its antagonistic potentiality against the test pathogens. The parameters used for the assessment of colony interactions were the width of inhibition zone, intermingled zone and per cent inhibition of radial growth of the pathogen.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 23(2): 127?133, 2014 (July)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result of colony interactions between the test pathogens and soil fungi are presented. According to the model of Skidmore and Dickinson(13) the most common type of colony interaction in most of the cases was grade 3. Penicillium sp. only showed grade 4 of colony interaction against both of the test pathogens. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of Colletotrichum dematium was exhibited by Penicillium sp. (53.33%) followed by Aspergillus niger (41.66%) whereas, it was 50% in case of C. gloeosporioides by A. niger followed by 45.45% in Penicillium sp. It was in agreement with the findings of Bashar and Rai(14) where Penicillium spp. showed inhibition of radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Highest intermingled zones were observed between C. gloeosporioides and A. niger (3.6 mm) followed by the same pathogen and T. viride (3.5 mm). Slight inhibition zones (1.4 and 1.5 mm) were noted in case of Penicillium sp. only against both the pathogens. The possible explanations for the cause of microbial antagonism have been described by Upadhyay and Rai (25). The occurrence of inhibition zone between the soil fungi and the test pathogens could be considered as a result of the production of antibiotics, pH changes and competition for nutrients. Mechanical obstruction to the growth and hyphal interference may also attribute to the occurrence of inhibition zone between two fungi in dual cultures. The overgrowth was achieved when one fungal species exhibits higher growth rate, higher capacity of antibiotic production and more tolerance capacity against antibiotics produced in comparison to other ones.

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