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Effect of Rice-based Cropping Sequence on Fertility Status and Grain Yield of Transplanted Aman Rice of Grey Terrace Soil

M. A. Quayyum
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur.

A. F. Maniruzzaman
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur.

M. S. Islam
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Changes in fertility status of soil were studied during early and late kharif (summer) seasons. It was found that organic matter content of the soil Increased in sequence Involving a legume crop. maximum being in blackgram [sole-rice (T. Aman)] and decreased in rice (aus)-rice (T.Aman). The gradual improvements of the elements like phosphorus. potassium and sulphur in the soil was observed in all the sequences. The maximum improvement of the elements like phosphorus. potassium and sulphur in the soil was observed in all the sequences. The maximum soil improvement was recorded in legume-rice (T. Aman) cropping sequence. Grain yield was higher when rice was followed by sole blackgram and blackgram in maize p.aired row and lowest when rice was followed by broadcast sole aus rice.

Keywords: Cropping sequence, Fertility status, Grey terrace soil.

Location: The Central Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-1987

End Date: 00-00-1990

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Rice, Soil fertility

Objectives:

To investigation on the effect of cropping sequence on the nutrient status of soils is needed and
To formulate a sound cropping sequence for specific locations

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Central Research Station of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during the years 1987 through 1990. The soil is clay with pH 6.3 which belongs to chhiata series of Grey Terrace soil having moderately low permeability. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eight cropping sequences as treatment variables replicated four times. The experimental plots of 11m x 4.5m dimensions were separated by lm wide borders. Aus rice (Var. BR 21). maize (Var. Barnali) and blackgram (Var. Barimash) as sole crops and blackgram/sesbania either as intercrop, strip crop or mixed crop with rice and maize were the treatment variables during premonsoon season (summer). In full growth stage (45 DAS) sesbania plants were cut at the base, chopped and incorporated into the soil. Blackgram pods were picked once only at 70 DAS (days after seeding) and then the plant residues were incorporated into the soil. After the harvest of early kharif crops transplant aman rice was grown under four variable N treatments. Nitrogen treatments were superimposed over the previous cropping experiment splitting each of the plots into four sub plots (2m X4.5m) for accommodating theN treatments. Early kharif crops seeds were sown during second fortnight of April and first week of May (1990). The field was puddled for transplanting rice in the second or third week of August. The experimental plot was fertilized with 20 kg N/ha as basal dose for sole blackgram, rice and inter/strip cropped situation and 40kg N/ha for sole maize and inter crop. Full doses of 60 P₂0₅, 40 K₂0. and 5 Zn kg per hectare were applied prior to sowing. Twenty kg of N as top dressing 15-20 DAS and rest 20 kg N/ha 35-40 DAS to aus rice only whereas 40 kg N 25 DAS and 40 kg N 42 DAS to maize rows only as side dressing. Nitrogen in transplant aman rice was applied in three equal splits; 20, 35 and 55 days after transplanting. Triple superphosphate (60 kg/ha) and muriate of potash (40 kg/ha) were applied before transplan ting rice seedlings. Early kharif crops were harvested from first week of July (blackgram) to middle of August (aus rice) and transplanted aman rice was harvested during 1st week of December. Changes in the fertility status of soil were determined by collecting a composite sample (30 em depth) at the start of experiment and after completion of each cropping sequence. The balance was worked out from the differences of initial and final soil test values after completion of four crop cycles. Organic carbon. nitrogen. phosphorus, potassium and sulphur were determined by methods of Agro-Services International.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh. Sci. 22(1): 85-93. 1996, ISSN 1016-6947

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In general. pH of the soil was reduced where legumes were included in cropping sequence but static for cereal-cereal sequence. Tendency for reduction in soil pH in sequence involving legumes was probably due to incorporation of biomass in the soil. In general, organic matter content of the soil increased in the treatment where legumes were included. In cropping sequence blackgram-rice, rice + sesbania-rice, maize paired row + blackgram-rice, rice+sesbania (strip)-rice and rice+ blackgram-rice, soil organic matter was higher as compared to rice-rice sequence. Nitrogen content of the soil increased in all the treatments. Result showed that legumes as sole crop or included in crop combinations influenced nitrogen content favourably compared with cereal crops. Available phosphorus content of the soil during the period of study was higher when legumes (blackgram/sesbania) were included in crop combinations as compared to cereal alone. Increase in available potassium was more in treatments involving blackgram as sole crop or legumes in crop combination. Available potassium content was highest in blackgram-rice followed by rice+sesbania-rice and maize paired row+ blackgram-rice sequence. Sulphur content of soil also showed similar trend in increase.Soil analysis before planting of early kharif crops and after four years, i. e. completion of four cycle of all crop sequence showed a positive balance of all the four nutrients 1. e. available P. exchangeable K and available Sulphur. This balance was however, more favorable where the cropping sequences included legumes. Organic matter content increased in legume-cereal combination after four years of cropping. On the other hand, cereal-cereal sequence failed to influence organic matter in soil favourably. The interaction between preceding early crops and nitrogen level was significant. Grain yield was usually higher when rice was followed by sole blackgram and blackgram in maize paired row and lowest when rice was followed by sole broadcast aus rice. It can be concluded from the result that previous blackgram cropping whether sole or in combination tends to improve soil fertility status and higher yield of succeeding T. aman rice.

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