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Investigation on Culture and Health Status of Mrigal Cirrhinus Cirrhosus from the Farming System of Mymensingh Region

G. U. Ahmed
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

K. Konica
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. F. Ali
Department of Aquaculture, Skeikh Fajilatunnesa Mujib Fisheries College, Melandah, Jamalpur

T. Khatun
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Indian major carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus was considered to monitor culture and health status in farm condition from Bhaluka and Muktagacha of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh for a period of seven months starting from September, 2010 to March, 2011. Monthly sampling was carried out for growth and health condition. Samples of skin and muscle, gill, liver and kidney were observed by clinical and histological techniques. Water temperature was at unfavorable levels but, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, ammonia and nitrite of water were within the favorable range for fish culture during the months of December and January. Clinically weak body, rough skin, scale loss, thick gill filaments, ulcer and gray brownish color were observed. Among the affected fish organs like skin, muscle and gill were found to be more affected than those of the internal organs, liver and kidney. Major pathologies in the skin and muscle were loss of epidermis and dermis, presence of fungal granuloma, fungal hyphae, necrosis, hemorrhages, vacuums and melanocytes. Protozoan cysts, clubbing, hemorrhages, necrosis and hypertrophy were found in the gill. Necrosis, hemorrhage, pyknosis and vacuums were observed in liver. Common pathological signs like necrosis, hemorrhage, pyknosis, vacuums and degenerated kidney tubules were noticed in kidney. Overall, in the clinical and histopathological studies fishes were found to be more affected during the colder months i.e., December and January. Whereas, in the month of February the pathological condition of fish gradually started to heal up. In histopathological observation, fishes of Bhaluka farms were more affected than that of Muktagacha fish farms. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) and protozoan diseases were noticed in Bhaluka fish farms.

Keywords: Cirrhinus cirrhosus, Clinical and Pathological condition

Location: Bhaluka upazilla, Mymensingh district.

Start Date: 00-09-2010

End Date: 00-03-2011

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

To observe production and health status of mrigal from the farms of Mymensingh regions.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out for a period of seven months from September, 2010 to March, 2011. Four farms were selected for the present study. Two ponds (Pond 1 and Pond 2) of two fish farms were located in Bohuli village of Bhaluka upazilla, Mymensingh district. It was about 40 km away from Mymensingh sadar. On the other hand, the rest of two ponds (Pond 3 and Pond 4) of two fish farms were located in Digholgoan village of Muktagacha Upazilla of Mymensingh district which was 16 km west from Mymensingh sadar. The area of pond 1 (P1), pond 2 (P2), pond 3 (P3) and pond 4 (P4) were 5.0, 2.5, 0.45 and 0.40 acres having water depth of 61.0 to 91.0 cm, 91.0 to 137.0 cm, 91.0 and 76.0 cm, respectively. The ponds were prepared by application of rotenone at a dose of 1 ppm for killing undesirable organisms and lime was applied at a dose 1kg/dec. Both the inorganic (Urea and TSP) and organic fertilizers (cow dung) were used. Doses were maintained as urea 100 g, TSP 90 g and cow dung 4 kg per dec. Chicken manures were soaked with sac in P1. Ponds were stocked with 10 to 15 cm mrigal fry. Stocking density of P1, P2, P3 and P4 were 240, 220, 220 and 225 fry per dec, respectively. CP, Mega and ACI feed were applied in the ponds. Feed was given twice a day at the rate of 5% of the fish body weight in each pond. In P3 water exchange facilities was available. Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, ammonia and nitrite were determined by using water quality parameter kits. Initial and final weight (g) of the fishes was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Clinical symptoms were observed immediately to record any injury, infection and abnormalities. Samples from various organs such as skin, muscle, gill, liver and kidney were collected and fixed in fixatives for histological analysis. The samples were then arranged in steel rack and dehydrated, cleared and infiltrated in an automatic tissue processor (SHANDON, Citadel 1000). The samples were then embedded with molten wax, steel mold and perforated plastic holder. Trimming was done from side and surface of the blocks with the help of scalpel and a microtome, respectively. The blocks were then sectioned at 5-7 micrometers by the microtome machine (Leica JUNG RM 2035). The sections were then stained with haematoxylin and eosin stains. After staining the sections were mounted with Canada balsam and covered by cover slips. Photomicrographs of the stained sections were done by using photomicroscope.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 391–397, 2013 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present investigation most of the examined fishes of four ponds were more or less normal and healthy from external observations. But histopathologically, a large percentage of the fishes were affected by numerous protozoan cysts and fungal granuloma during the cold period in P1 of Bhaluka. This might be due to application of raw chicken manure to the pond and low temperature. Among the farms, clinically and pathologically cultured fishes of farms in Bhaluka were found to be more affected than fishes of the farms of Muktagacha. So, steps should be taken to overcome the problems. Attention should be given towards cooler months of the year when fishes suffered from various diseases. Stocking density should be reduced by regular harvesting during the period, liming and salting prior to winter season, balance diets, water quality should be in controlled condition which will ultimately reduce stress, infection and diseases in fishes.

Knowledge Management: Journal