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Identification of Cultivable Heat Tolerant Wheat Genotypes Suitable for Patuakhali District in Bangladesh

M. Z. Haque
Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602

M. M. Hasan
Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602

M. M. R. Rajib
Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602

M. M. Hasan
Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fifteen wheat genotypes namely Agrani, Prodip, Bijoy, CB 69, Sourav, Sufi, BAW 1064, Gourab, Kanchan Shatabdi, CB 30, Sonora, CB 24, CB34, and Protiva were sown under optimum (Nov. 30) and late (Dec. 30) sowing times to evaluate their performances at high temperature depending on cell membrane thermostability and some morpho-physiological characters. Based on cell membrane thermostability test four genotypes showed the longest heat killing time and were separated as heat tolerant (HT). Four genotypes showed the shortest heat killing time and were separated as heat sensitive (HS). The remaining seven genotypes required time in between those two were separated as intermediate heat tolerant (IHT) genotypes. Lower contribution of photosynthate stem reserves (PSR) to grain in HT genotypes finally contributed to its less affected 1000-grain weight as well as yield. These results suggest that greater cell membrane thermostability supported the minimal changes in some physiological characters of HT ganotypes which ultimately increased the wheat yield under short winter warmer condition.

Keywords: Membrane thermostability, Wheat genotype, Heat tolerant

Location: Patuakhali Science and Technology University

Start Date: 00-11-2007

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To asses heat tolerant wheat variety suitable for short winter warmer condition of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the agricultural farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University during the period of November 2007 to April 2008. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. Fifteen genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) namely Agrani, Prodip, Bijoy, CB 69, Sourav, Sufi, BAW 1064, Gourab, Kanchan, Shatabdi, CB 30, Sonora, CB 24, CB34, and Protiva were selected as experimental material. Two dates of sowing viz.S₁ = Optimum sowing time (30 November, 2007) and S₂ = Late sowing time (30 December, 2007) were selected. Membrane thermostability was determined according to Ibrahim and Quick (2001). According to this method leaf sample were collected at anthesis from flag leaves of five randomly selected plants of each variety. From a flag leaf two leaf discs were collected using a leaf puncher 10.00 mm in diameter (LAT 162 Model Ronnd Open Industry Co. Ltd., Japan) and washed three times with deionized water to remove electrolytes adhering to leaf tissue, as well as electrolytes released from cut cells on the periphery of leaf discs. The test tubes were drained with deionized water also the leaf samples were then placed in 25mm Χ 150mm test tubes and a piece of cotton was put on the leaf disc inside the test tube to prevent any injury of the leaf discs by the electrode bar during the conductance measurement. Thereafter 20 ml of deionized water was added. Then the initial conductivity readings (I) were taken with an electric conductivity (EC) meter (Wintec Conductivity Meter, Model Japan). The test tubes were covered by aluminum foil and placed in a thermostatically controlled water bath (Model SM-05, Taitec, Japan) maintaining a constant temperature of 55⁰C. Electrical Conductivity reading (E) was taken every 30 minutes up to 4 hours at an elevated temperature of 55⁰C. The test tube samples were then autoclaved, held at a pressure to 0.10 Mpa for 10 minutes to completely kill plant tissue and release all the electrolytes. After autoclaving the samples were again placed in a water bath at 55⁰C to adjust the elevated temperature and after 30 minutes the incubation, final conductance (F) was measured. Photosynthate stem reserve translocation (PSR) was calculated according to Gallagher et al. (1975). After four weeks of sowing, the main stem was marked by colored thread for easy identification of the subsequent sampling. Five main stems were taken from each plot as sample at anthesis as well as at final harvest for measuring ear and stem weight. After collection, both ear and stem were dried at 720 C for 48 hours and weighed. After drying samples were weighed. Relative performance was measured by the ratio of late sowing (December 30) performance to optimum sowing (November 30) performance which was expressed in percentage. 1000-grain weight was measured by randomly taken thousand grains from each plot and the total weight was recorded and the moisture content was adjusted to 12% as cereal grain. Grain yield was calculated by collecting grains of 1 m² area. Finally, it was converted to one hectare and expressed in tons.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 241–246, 2009 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among all the tested genotypes, four genotypes namely Agrani, Kanchan, CB 30, CB 69 were found as HT genotypes for cultivation in Patuakhali district. But four namely Sonora, CB 34, CB 24 and Protiva were found as heat sensitive genotypes for the same. The remaining seven genotypes performed intermediate position in MT test. PSR was slightly increased in HT genotypes during late sowing time compared to optimum sowing time. On the other hand, in HS genotypes PSR was greatly increased in late sowing time. In case of 1000-grain weight HT genotypes showed minimal reduction under heat stressed condition. So, the evaluated attributes of HT genotypes such as high heat killing time, lower PSR translocation and higher 1000-grain weight ultimately contribute the supportive to high yield of CB 69, Agrani as HT genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal