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Crop Production Growth in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh

M. A. Quddus
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the progress and regional variations of crop production in Bangladesh. The secondary data were used and collected for the years 1980-81 to 2002-03 from the ‘Statistical Yearbooks of Bangladesh’, ‘Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics’ and population census of different years. The study was conducted during the period from September 2006 to February 2008. An analysis was done for twelve mutually exclusive agro-ecological zones by assigning various indicators of crop sector development. The remarkable progress of rural literacy rate, ratio of agricultural workers to population, number of farmer’s co-operative societies and per capita regional domestic agricultural products in two decades was observed in different regions. Wide disparities in the level of crop sector development had been observed across the regions. The overall results reveal that some of the regions are in better positions in respect of socioeconomic progress, land use pattern, input use, growth performance of HYV rice and food-grains production. The developed regions were ‘Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain and Tista Floodplain’, ‘Karatoya Floodplain and Atrai Basin’, ‘Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain’ and ‘Middle Meghna River Floodplain’ on the basis of land utilization pattern, input use and food-grains production. Analysis of regional disparities reveals that ‘Sylhet Basin and Surma-Kusiyara Floodplain’, Greater Dhaka’, ‘Middle Meghna River Floodplain’ and ‘Lower Meghna River and Estuarine Floodplain’ regions has developed remarkably in the last twenty years. In order to calculate the value of most of the development indicators two points of time, the early 1980s (three years average of 1980-81, 1981-82 and 1982-83) and the early 2000s (three years average of 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2002-03) were taken. But three years data were not available for a few indicators and hence only the data of base year was used for these particular indicators. The choice of indicators inevitably depends upon the purpose and the availability of data. For computing growth rates of high yield rice area, production, yield and area irrigated an exponential function of the following form was fitted to the data. Y= ae^bt. A group of seven indicators directly relating to development of crop production were selected to examine the variations among the twelve regions. All the indicators relate to adoption of modern technology and the government played an active role in promoting this technology. Following indicators together would significantly improve the crop sector as a whole: ‘Percentage of net cropped area to total geographic area’ (NCAGA), ‘Cropping intensity’ in percent (CI), ‘Area under HYVs as a percentage of total cropped area’ (AHYGCA), ‘Area irrigated to total cropped area’ in percent (AIGCA), ‘Consumption of chemical fertilizer’ in kg/ha (FCKH), ‘Food-grain productivity’ in metric ton/ 100 ha (FPMT) and ‘Net cultivated area per 100 agriculture workers’ in ha (NCAAW). The disparity among the regions was measured by computing mean value and coefficient of variation of seven indicators for each of the regions.

Keywords: Crop production, Development indicator, Growth performance, Regional variation

Location: Twelve combined agro-ecological regions, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Trend analysis

Objectives:

i) To know the increase of agricultural workers and improvement of agricultural economy in different regions.

ii) To evaluate the improvement of land utilization pattern and input use across the regions.

iii) To determine the growth performance of HYV rice and food-grains production in different agro-ecological. .zones

iv) To measure regional disparities based on development indicators of crop production.

Methodology:

Time series data of different crops, area irrigated, fertilizer used etc. were collected mainly by district and then aggregated them according to the twelve combined agro-ecological regions. Secondary data were collected from different published sources. The main sources were the Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh of different years, Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics of Bangladesh of different years, Population Census, 1981 and 2001, Agricultural Sample Survey of Bangladesh – 2005 and data base of Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), 2005. The regional variations were analysed by considering a stable regional base of homogeneous agro-ecological zones. Such zonations scheme would provide a base to explain the effects of agro-ecological conditions as well as agricultural development. Agricultural, especially, district wise crop data are available. Bangladesh consists of 30 agro-ecological zones (AEZ) those are overlapping with each other. For convenience of the study, two to three AEZs were combined for a region. A total number of 12 mutually exclusive regions were considered for the study. Their characteristics followed the characteristics of the AEZs. Each region was the aggregate of a number of administrative districts. Each of the regions was not equally endowed by the nature with their geographical areas.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 351–360, 2009 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall results reveal that some of the regions are in better positions in respect of socioeconomic progress, land use pattern, input use, growth performance of HYV rice and food-grains production. The developed regions were ‘Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain and Tista Floodplain’, ‘Karatoya Floodplain and Atrai Basin’, ‘Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain’ and ‘Middle Meghna River Floodplain’ on the basis of land utilization pattern, input use and food-grains production. Analysis of regional disparities reveals that ‘Sylhet Basin and Surma-Kusiyara Floodplain’, Greater Dhaka’, ‘Middle Meghna River Floodplain’ and ‘Lower Meghna River and Estuarine Floodplain’ regions has developed remarkably in the last twenty years. In order to calculate the value of most of the development indicators two points of time, the early 1980s (three years average of 1980-81, 1981-82 and 1982-83) and the early 2000s (three years average of 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2002-03) were taken. But three years data were not available for a few indicators and hence only the data of base year was used for these particular indicators. The choice of indicators inevitably depends upon the purpose and the availability of data. For computing growth rates of high yield rice area, production, yield and area irrigated an exponential function of the following form was fitted to the data. Y= aebt. A group of seven indicators directly relating to development of crop production were selected to examine the variations among the twelve regions. All the indicators relate to adoption of modern technology and the government played an active role in promoting this technology. Following indicators together would significantly improve the crop sector as a whole: ‘Percentage of net cropped area to total geographic area’ (NCAGA), ‘Cropping intensity’ in percent (CI), ‘Area under HYVs as a percentage of total cropped area’ (AHYGCA), ‘Area irrigated to total cropped area’ in percent (AIGCA), ‘Consumption of chemical fertilizer’ in kg/ha (FCKH), ‘Food-grain productivity’ in metric ton/ 100 ha (FPMT) and ‘Net cultivated area per 100 agriculture workers’ in ha (NCAAW). The disparity among the regions was measured by computing mean value and coefficient of variation of seven indicators for each of the regions.

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