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Gene Actions of Traits Contributing to Lodging Resistance in Wheat (triticum Aestivum L)

Z. I. Sarker
Wheat Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Shamsuddin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

L. Rahman
Wheat Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

R. Ara
Wheat Research Sub-station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Rajbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Estimates of gene action for lodging related traits at Wheat Research Center during 1999-2002 in three crosses of wheat showed different genetic control of the traits among the crosses. For almost all traits, additive or dominance effects or both components were significant in either three- or six-parameter model, indicating that both additive and dominance gene effects were operative for different traits contributing to lodging resistance. Although duplicate type of epistasis was also observed for second internode breaking strength, plant height and spikes per plant and grain yield per plant once in different crosses, additive x additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would improve selection of the same in the segregating populations. The additive x dominance gene interaction for second internode length, diameter and wall thickness would be useful too for improvement of second internode breaking strength and consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier than the traits controlled by completely non-additive genes. For duplicate type of epistasis biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection is suggested.

Keywords: Gene action, Lodging resistance, Internodes traits, Grain yield, Wheat (T. aestivum L).

Location: Wheat Research Center Farm, Dinajpur.

Start Date: 00-00-1999

End Date: 00-00-2001

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to study the gene actions of traits contributing to lodging resistance in three selected crosses of spring wheat.

Methodology:

Gene action was studied in three selected crosses involving six parents (namely, Baviacora, Rayon, Seri 82, Sonora 64, Aghrani and Kheri) including their F1's, F2's and their back cross generations. The crosses were Baviacora x Kheri, Rayon x Agrani and Seri 82 x Sonora 64. Among the parents, Baviacora, Rayon and Seri 82 have Rht1 gene and Sonora 64 and Aghrani have Rht2 gene and Kheri did not have any major dwarfing genes (Sarker, 2003). The crosses and back crosses were made during 1999-2001 growing season. The parents, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of the crosses were sown on November 26, 2001 at Wheat Research Center Farm, Dinajpur. For a cross in each replicate, rows were 5.0m long and 17 rows per plot were distributed serially as follows: first two rows for P1, then one row for F1, then 8 rows for F2, next two rows for B1, next two rows for B2 and last two rows for P2. Seeds were sown 10 cm apart in rows with spacing of 25 cm between rows. The crosses were randomized within blocks and replicated three times. The crop was fertilized with NPK and S @ 100, 28, 40 and 20 kg/ha (BARC, 1997), respectively. Two-thirds of the urea and the entire quantity of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were applied at final land preparation. The remaining one-third of urea was top dressed at 20 days after sowing (at crown root initiation stage) following the first irrigation. Mulching and weeding was done one time at 29 days after sowing. The second and third irrigations were given at 47 and 69 days after sowing, respectively. The number of plants selected for data recording per cross were 30 for P1, 30 for P2, 30 for F1, 90 for B1, 90 for B2 and 270 for F2. The plants were tagged randomly at heading stage and data were taken from these selected plants. Data were recorded on second internode length, diameter, wall thickness, breaking strength and unit section weight just after anthesis (termed as young stem traits) and spikes per plant, plant height, main shoot-weight and grains yield after harvest (termed as post harvest traits). To study the gene effects, data were first subjected to the scaling test of Mather and Jinks (1982) and joint scaling test of Cavalli (1952) to detect epistatic effect, if any. Then the data were analyzed for different components of generation means using additive dominance model as per Mather and Jinks (1982) and the digenic epistatic model described by Hayman (1958), Gamble (1962) and Jinks and Jones (1958) for the traits in which non-allelic interaction were detected.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 20(2) : 23-30, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

the role of additive × additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would be important for inheritance of the traits and would make easier selection of the traits in the early segregating populations. Similarly, the additive × dominance gene interaction for some traits (internode length, internode wall thickness etc.) those are contributing to internode breaking strength and might be useful too for improvement of internode breaking strength consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier compared to traits controlled by duplicate epistatic gene action. Biparental intermating between selected recombinants as well as mating of selected segregants between crosses in early segregating generations or recurrent selection generates more heritable variation. In case of duplicate type of non-allelic interaction biparental intermating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection method is suggested to be more appropriate for the improvement of the traits related to lodging resistance.

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