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Combining Ability and Heterosis in Maize (zea Mays L.)

M. S. Uddin
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. Amiruzzaman
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

S. A. Bagum
Seed Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. A. Hakim
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. R. Ali
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A line × tester analysis was conducted in maize involving 12 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components to determine the heterosis as well as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. GCA and SCA variance for yield per plant number of kernels per row and 100-kernels weight were observed significant, which indicated importance of additive as type of gene action for these characters. The ratio of SCA and GCA variances were high for the all character studied that revealed the preponderance of non additive type of gene action. Standard heterosis ranged from - 28.29 to 28.41%; -12.29 to 24.38%; -1.11 to 24.44%; -14.75 to 6.67%; -17.24 to 11.26% and -10.94 to 20.83% for grain yield per plant, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter and 100-kernel weight, respectively. The lines IPB 911-16, IPB 911-12, IPB 911-2, IPB 911-18 and IPB 911-47 showed significant positive GCA effect and simultaneously possessed high mean value indicating that the per se performance of the parents could prove as an useful index for combining ability. The crosses exhibited significant SCA effects involved high x high, high x low, low x high, average x low and low x low general combining parents. The cross combinations with significant positive SCA effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives.

Keywords: Maize, Line, Tester, Heterosis, Combining ability, GCA, SCA

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur.

Start Date: 00-00-2003

End Date: 00-00-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The present study involving a line X tester analysis aimed to determine the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses for different traits and to explore heterotic hybrid combinations.

Methodology:

Twelve locally developed advanced stage inbred lines (as female parents) and 3 testers (as male parents) of maize were selected and crossed in line × tester fashion to generate 36 cross combinations in rabi 2003 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur. Seeds of all the parents, their F₁ hybrids and one check variety BARI Hybrid maize 3 (BHM 3) were sown in the same farm following RCBD with 3 replications in rabi 2004. The unit plot size was 5.0 × 0.75m. Spacing adopted was 75 × 20 cm between rows and hills, respectively. One healthy seedling per hill was kept after proper thinning. Fertilizers were applied @ 250, 120, 120, 40 and 5 kg/ha of N, P₂0₅, K₂0, S and Zn, respectively. Standard agronomic practices were followed (Quayyum, 1993) and plant protection measures were taken as required. Two border rows were used at each end of the replication for minimize the border effect. Ten randomly selected plants were used for recording observations on yield contributing traits viz. number of grains per row (GR), number of rows per ear (NR), ear length (CL), ear diameter (CD) 100-kernel weight (HSW) and grain yield (g). The combining ability analysis was carried out as per the method suggested by Kempthorne (1957). Heterosis were calculated over standard chick varieties (CV) estimate as standard heterosis= [(F1-CV)/CV] × 100. To determine the significant of heterosis, t-test was utilized.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Genet Pl. Breed., 21(1): 21-28, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the study, Five lines (IPB 911-2, IPB 911-12, IPB 911-16, IPB 911-18 and IPB 911-47) and one tester (BM-7) exhibited significant positive SCA and possessed comparatively well per se performance. Though, these parents could use for developing high yielding hybrids. The crosses posses high yield with significant SCA effects could be used for better hybrid selection. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives.

Knowledge Management: Journal