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Genetic Diversity in Local Boro Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes of Bangladesh

M. A. Siddique
Genetics Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. Khalequzzaman
Genetics Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. Z. Islam
Genetics Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute,Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. S. Ahamed
Genetics Resources and Seed Division,Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

E. S. M. H. Rashid
Genetics Resources and Seed Division,Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity in 40 traditional boro rice genotypes was studied under irrigated condition through Mahalanobis D² statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. The cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (22) and the cluster II and V contained the lowest (1). The highest intracluster distance was noticed for the cluster III and lowest for cluster II and V. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and III followed by cluster II and V, cluster I and II and the lowest between cluster I and IV. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster II showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster II could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, panicle/hill had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, flag leaf length and grain length breadth ratio were obtained from cluster IV. The highest 1000-grain weight, shortest growth duration and grain breadth were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, flag leaf length, filled grains and 1000 grain weight were found in cluster V. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster II, III and cluster IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster V which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, D2 analysis, Cluster analysis, Rice (Oryza sativa L)

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was, therefore undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in 40 traditional Boro rice genotypes. This will help in classifying those into clusters to select genotypes as prospective parents to develop transgressive segregants which will be ultimately used for developing modern variety.

Methodology:

Forty boro rice genotypes selected from the germplasm bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur were grown under irrigated condition (boro) in 2011-12. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Thirty days-old seedlings from each entry were transplanted using single seedling per hill in 2.4 m² plot following 25 cm and 20 cm space between rows and plants, respectively. Fertilizers were applied @ 80:60:40: 12 kg N, P, K and S per hectare. All the fertilizers except N were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), at 35 DAT and just before flowering. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were done as and when necessary. Ten hills from each entry were randomly selected for recording data on flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (mm), plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle/hill (no.), panicle length (cm), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight (g), filled grains/panicle (no.), unfilled grains/panicle (no.) and yield/hill (g). Grain yield (g/hill) was taken and adjusted at 14% moisture level. The data were analyzed following principal component analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis's (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Intra and inter cluster distances were calculated by the methods of Singh and Chaudhary (1985). All statistical analyses were carried out using Genstat 5.5.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Pl. Breed. Genet., 26(1): 19-24, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is assumed that, maximum amount of heterosis will be manifested in cross combinations involving the parents belonging to most divergent clusters. However, for a practical plant breeder, the objective is not only to have high heterosis but also to achieve high level of production reducing the growth duration. In the present study, the maximum distances existed between cluster II and III. However, considering the yield, filled grains/panicle, 1000- grain weight, crosses involving the parents of cluster III and cluster V may exhibit high heterosis for yield. Again, considering growth duration, and plant height, crosses between the parents of cluster II and III may exhibit higher heterosis for earliness and dwarf stature. Mian and Bahl (1989) reported that the parents separated by inter-cluster of medium magnitude generally showed higher heterosis in chickpea. Similar findings were also reported by Habib et al., 2005 for rice. Keeping this view in mind, it appears that the crosses between the genotypes/parents of cluster II and cluster III, cluster III and cluster V would exhibit high heterosis as well as higher level of yield potential. Therefore, the genotypes under cluster II, cluster III, cluster V might be selected for future breeding program.

Knowledge Management: Journal