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Efficacy of Tulsi and Neem Leaves Extract in Broiler Production

S. Khatun
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

F. Alom
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

J. Uddin
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. N. Alam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

N.F. Moitry
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The efficacy of tulsi (Ocimum sactum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract as a growth promoter were studied in broiler. A total of 40 day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Kazi hatchery and after three days of acclimatization the chicks were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). No vaccination schedule was practiced and no antibiotic was added in ration of group A, B, C, and D respectively. Group A served control without any supplements while group B, C and D were supplemented with combination of tulsi and neem extract @ 1 ml, 2ml and 3 ml/liter of drinking water. Live body weight gain was recorded weekly up to 6^th weeks and hematological studies were performed at 21^st and 42^nd day of experiments. At the end of 42^nd day of experiment final body weight of group A, B, C and D were 1561± 12.10 g, 1698± 12.87 g, 1608± 12.04 g and 1763± 13.28 g, respectively. The birds of group D utilized their feed more efficiently among the treatment groups (p<0.05). The net body weight gain were, 1533± 11.98 g, 1443± 11.32 g and 1588± 12.10 g in treated groups compared to control group (1393± 11.07 g ) and total net profit per broiler was 19.08, 40.10, 20.68 and 45.07 Taka , respectively. Hematological parameterss (TEC, PCV, Hb and ESR) were not significantly changed among the treated and control group suggesting no side effects of herbal extracts in broiler. It can be concluded that tulsi and neem extract is economic and safe in broiler production.

Keywords: Efficacy,Tulsi, Neem leaves,Broiler production

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

To determine the effect of tulsi and neem leaves extracts in broiler diets as a possible alternative to antibiotic feed additives.

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of leave extracts Tulsi and neem leave were selected for effectiveness as growth promoter on poultry. Mature and disease free tulsi and neem leave were collected from BAU campus. For the preparation of dust, the leaves were dried in sun for 10 days and followed by oven at 55-60°C for 2 days. The dried leaves were pulverized with a blender. A 25 (unit) mesh diameter sieve was used to obtain the fine dust, the dust was preserved in airtight plastic container until they were directly used for screening and preparation of water extract. Ten (10) gram each leave powder was added to 80ml of distilled water and was shaking overnight at room temperature, filtered and distilled water was added up to 100ml to make 10% extract. (Mollah et al., 2012 ) Experimental design A total of 40, day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Kazi hatchery and were allowed to acclimatize for 3 days at the experimental shed. The initial body weights of assigned chickens were taken with digital weight machine and were recorded. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized design. Birds were divided into 4 equal groups (A, B, C & D). Group A was considered as untreated control fed on commercial feed only, group B, C and D were supplemented with tulsi and neem at the dose rate of 1 ml/liter, 2 ml/liter and 3 ml/liter drinking water respectively in addition to commercial feed for 42 day of experiments. Data were collected on initial body weight, weekly body weight gain and weekly feed consumption. The data collected were utilized to calculate weekly growth rate, efficiency of feed utilization and mortality percentage. The data collected on the production cost of broiler were used to find out the commercial viability of the herbal growth promoter. Cost of production of the broiler in each group was calculated on per kg basis to work out the economics of production of the birds for each group. At the end of the experiment, three birds from each group were picked up randomly and slaughtered for their dressing percentage and giblet weight (heart, liver, gizzard & spleen). The weight of pancreas was also recorded. The slaughtered birds were scalded by immuring them into the water at temperature ranging from 180-190°F (Jull, 1976). After that, the birds were manually plucked by hanging them on shackles by their feet. The weight of each carcass was recorded and dressing percentage was calculated on the basis of dressed meat including giblets and skin. After evisceration, the heart, liver, gizzard, spleen and pancreas of the slaughtered birds were taken out and weighed for their absolute weight. The data thus obtained were used for the calculation of (a) dressing percentage (%) (Dress weight of bird/Live weight of bird) × 100) (b) relative weight of (i) heart (ii) liver (iii) gizzard (iv) spleen and (v) pancreas. After evisceration, relative weights (g) [(weight of organ/live body weight) X 100] of various internal organs such as liver, heart, gizzard, spleen and pancreas of the slaughtered bird were recorded. The data thus collected regarding weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and relative weights of heart, gizzard, liver, spleen and pancreas were subjected to the analysis. Hematological parameters Blood samples were collected from wing vein of chicken of both control and treated groups at 21st and 42nd day.The following parameters were observed: (a) total erythrocyte count (TEC), (b) hemoglobin content (Hb), (c) packed cell volume (PCV) and (d) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with standard methods as described by Lamberg and Rothstein (1977). Post-mortem examination was carried out to see any lesions. Three chickens from each group were slaughtered to see if there were any pathological changes occurred. There was no significant pathological change found in any internal organs of the chickens of treated groups. Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed statistically between control and treated groups by student’s t- test.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 1- 5 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print) 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that supplementation with neem and tulsi leave extract @ 1-3 ml/L drinking water causes significant increase in live body weight and improvement in weekly weight gain and feed efficiency as compared to that of control group of broiler.Thus, neem and tulsi leave extract supplementation in the broiler rations may be useful for the safe, economical and efficient production of broiler and this formulation could be used as an alternative to commercial growth promoters.

Knowledge Management: Journal