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Immune Response and Protective Potential Following Vaccination Against Newcastle Disease Virus and Fowl Cholera in Naked Neck Chickens

M. S. Sabrin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Saha*
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Amin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. G. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Humoral immune responses to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Fowl cholera (BAUFC) vaccines were evaluated in naked neck chickens (NNC). Ten birds were vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Virus (BCRDV) at Day 7 through intra-ocular route and with Ranikhet Disease Virus (RDV) at day 35 of age through intramuscular route. Serum antibodies were measured by Haemagglutination Inhibition test. Two weeks after final immunization all birds were challenged with virulent field isolate of NDV where all vaccinated birds survived without illness during ten days, and all ten control birds died. Ten birds were vaccinated with BAUFC vaccine at Day 42 and 70 according to the Manufacturer’s instruction, which induced detectable levels of antibody titre as determined by Passive Haemagglutination Assay (PHA) test. Eight vaccinated birds survived following challenge with virulent fowl cholera isolate two weeks after final vaccination and all ten control birds died.

Keywords: Immune, Vaccination, Newcastle disease virus, Fowl cholera, Naked neck chickens.

Location: Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

This study was carried out to investigate their immune response to Newcastle Disease and Fowl cholera vaccines.

Methodology:

Newcastle disease vaccine and virus: Baby chick Ranikhet disease vaccine (BCRDV) and Ranikhet disease vaccine (RDV) were obtained from Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka. Virulent field isolate of NDV was used for challenge test. Fowl Cholera disease vaccine and bacteria: FC vaccine was collected from Livestock and Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Centre (LPVRPC) and used according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Virulent field isolate of bacteria causing Fowl cholera was used for challenge test. Experimental chicks: A total of 40 day-old NNC chicks were obtained from Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka and reared in the experimental poultry shed providing sufficient nutrition with standard biosecurity. Experimental immunization: The chicks were divided into four equal groups. Groups A and B were used for NDV vaccines while C and D were used for BAUFC vaccine. Immunization with NDV vaccines: Group A were vaccinated primarily with BCRDV through intra-ocular (i/o) route one drop per bird at 7 days of age followed by secondary (booster) vaccination with RDV through intramuscular (i/m) route at 35 days 1 mL per bird. Group B were kept as unvaccinated control. Serum was collected from all birds at 7, 21, 35 and 50 days, to determine haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titre. Immunization with BAUFC vaccine: Group C were vaccinated primarily with BAUFC vaccine at 42 days of age i/m 0.5 mL per bird followed by secondary vaccination at 70 days with the same vaccine, dose and route. Serum was collected from all birds at 42, 56, 70 and 84 days, to determine PHA antibody titre. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test: The HI test was performed to determine the HI antibody titres of the sera from the chickens vaccinated with BCRDV and RDV and of controls, to measure maternal antibody. The test used constant 4 HA unit antigen and increasing serum dilution method (Beta-procedure) following the methods of Anon (1971). The HI antibody titre of each serum corresponded to reciprocal of highest original dilution of serum inhibiting agglutination of cRBC completely. Protection test with NDV against NDV vaccines: Sixteen days after secondary vaccination with RDV, Groups A and B were challenged with virulent field isolate of NDV intra-nasally (i/n) 0.1mL per bird containing 2ELD50 dose, which corresponded to about 100% mortality in chickens of 10 weeks of age (Sarkar et al., 2012). Passive haemagglutination (PHA) test: The antibody trite of Group C following vaccination with FC vaccine and of control (Group D) was determined by PHA following the method described by Tripathy et al. (1970). Protection test with Pasteurella multocida against FC vaccine: Sixteen days after final vaccination with BAU Fowl cholera vaccine the chickens of Group C and control (Group D) were challenged i/m with virulent field isolate of FC 0.5 mL per bird containing 5.7 × 109 CFU/mL (2.47 OD value at 550 nm) as described by Koly (2011). Statistical analysis: Student’s t-test was performed for significant differences of HI antibody titres and PHA antibody titres. Protection tests were analysed by Mantel-Cox log rank test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Source of Information: Bangl. vet.2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 49 - 55

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Naked neck chickens produced satisfactory levels of antibodies following vaccination with fowl cholera and NDV vaccines and 80-100% survived following challenge.

Knowledge Management: Journal