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Characterization of Bacteria Associated with Omphalitis in Chicks

S. Nasrin
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Khatun
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

L. Akhter
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Sultana
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize the bacteria present in cases of omphalitis in chicks. Yolk swabs (n = 60) were aseptically collected from affected chicks and cultured for isolation and identification of bacteria. E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococci were identified. Bacteria were tested for sensitivity to ten common antibiotics. E coli isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole and erythromycin. Salmonella were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and resistant to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. The existence of multi-drug resistance emphasises the need to prevent omphalitis in chicks by hygiene.

Keywords: Bacteria, Omphalitis, Hatched chicks, Antibiotics.

Location: Bogra and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to isolate the bacteria from clinical cases of omphalitis in newly hatched chicks in two hatcheries and to determine their sensitivity to ten common antibiotics.

Methodology:

Collection of samples: Yolk swabs (n = 60) were aseptically collected from newly hatched chicks at Bogra and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) hatcheries manifesting signs of omphalitis. At Bogra, 15 samples were collected from chicks 1-3 days old and 27 from chicks 4-7 days old. At BAU hatchery, ten samples were collected from chicks 1-3 days old and 8 from chicks 4-7 days old. Samples were transported to the laboratory at 4°C. Isolation of bacteria: Samples were enriched by overnight incubation in nutrient broth at 37ºC. Cultures were inoculated onto nutrient agar (NA), blood agar (BA), eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, brilliant green agar (BGA), mannitol salt agar (MSA), salmonella-shigella (SS) agar and triple sugar iron (TSI) agar and incubated at 37°C. Discrete bacterial colonies were sub-cultured until pure cultures were obtained (Cheesbrough, 1985). Characterization of bacteria: Bacteria were characterised by recording morphology of colonies (size, margin, elevation and colour), Gram stain (Merchant and Packer, 1967), sugar fermentation, catalase, coagulase, M-R, V-P, indole, and triple sugar iron tests (Cheesbrough, 1985). Antibiotic sensitivity: Antimicrobial sensitivity was tested using 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard inoculum and freshly prepared, dried Mueller Hinton agar (Oxoid, UK) against 10 common antibiotics: nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin, sulphamethoxazole and erythromycin (Oxoid, UK). Five isolates of E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococci were selected randomly for the test. Disc diffusion or Kirby-Bauer method (Bauer et al., 1966) was used. The results were expressed as resistant, intermediate or sensitive according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2007).

Source of Information: Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 2, 63 – 68

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The occurrence of multi-drug resistance in bacteria in chicks suffering from omphalitis is alarming as this resistance may gain access to man and animals, which might result in difficulties in treatment of bacterial infection. Further studies are required to formulate guidelines for the prevention and control of bacterial omphalitis in chicks in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal